P1Unit12Overview of Psychological Disorders and Diagnoses

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual

The standardized classification system used by mental health professionals to diagnose psychological disorders.

Diagnosis

The identification of a mental disorder based on specific symptoms and criteria.

Comorbidity

The co-occurrence of two or more mental disorders in the same individual.

Anxiety Disorder

A group of mental conditions characterized by excessive fear, worry, or nervousness.

Agoraphobia

An intense fear of situations where escape may be difficult, leading to avoidance of public or crowded places.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Persistent and excessive worry about various aspects of daily life, lasting for at least six months.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A condition involving unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or ritualistic behaviors intended to reduce anxiety.

Obsessions

Intrusive and unwanted thoughts or images that cause distress.

Compulsions

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce anxiety from intrusive thoughts.

Panic Disorder

Recurring unexpected episodes of intense fear or discomfort with physical symptoms like chest pain or dizziness.

Panic Attack

A sudden episode of extreme anxiety with symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, sweating, or a sense of doom.

Phobia

An irrational and excessive fear of a specific object, activity, or situation.

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

A disorder triggered by experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event, leading to flashbacks, avoidance, and heightened arousal.

Social Anxiety Disorder

An intense fear of being judged or negatively evaluated in social or performance situations.

Bipolar Disorder

A mood disorder marked by alternating periods of depression and elevated mood or mania.

Mania

A state of abnormally elevated mood, energy, and activity levels, often with risky behavior or grandiosity.

Major Depressive Disorder

A mood disorder characterized by prolonged periods of deep sadness, hopelessness, and lack of interest in activities.

Personality Disorders

Enduring patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience that deviate from cultural expectations and cause dysfunction.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A condition involving disregard for others' rights, impulsivity, and lack of empathy or remorse.

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Marked by extreme social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to criticism.

Borderline Personality Disorder

Characterized by unstable moods, relationships, and self-image, along with impulsivity and fear of abandonment.

Dependent Personality Disorder

Involves a pervasive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clingy behavior.