3.1 bipolar disorder and related disorders

DSM 5 TR bipolar and other related disorders

between psychotic and depressive due to overlapping symptoms and genetic links

Bipolar I

at least one manic episode lasting one week with symptoms presents most of the days nearly every day, elevated self esteem or grandiosity, risky behavior (excessive spending and substance use), racing thoughts and rapid speech, reduced need for sleep, increased goal directed activity, severe distractibility, significant impairment in work or relationships, hospitalization (b/c of sleep deprivation or risk taking behaviors), substance abuse ruled out, hypomanic or depressive episodes, manic episode alone is sufficient for this diagnosis

Biopolar II

at least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode but never full manic episode, individuals often seek treatment during depressive episode.

Hypomania

same symptoms as mania but less severe lasting up to 4 consecutive days and does not cause significant impairment or require hospitalization

Bipolar I emerges

around age 18

Bipolar II emerges

around in mid 20s

Genetics

strong role in both schizophrenia and bipolar

Suicide risk

extremely high, 15x more likely accounting for 1/4 of all completed suicides

gender differences

minimal with bipolar I but bipolar II shows higher rates of hypomania and rapid cycling in women

bipolar and depressive disorders frequently co occur with

anxiety disorders

treatments

mood stabilizers, antidepressants, antipsychotic, psychotherapy

mood stabilizer

lithium, Depakote

antidepressants

used cautiously due to risk of triggering mania

antipsychotic

for severe cases

psychotherapy

like cognitive behavioral therapy

manic episode

last more or equal to a week, may require hospitalization, high mood

hypomanic episode

normal mood, lasts more or equal to 4 days no hospitalization or major impairment

major depressive episode

low mood, lasts more than or equal to 2 weeks with 5+ symptoms including depressed mood of anhedonia