gi exam 3 top 300

liraglutide brand

victoza

liraglutide class

GLP-1 agonist

liraglutide MOA

activates glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor, increasing insulin secretion, decreasing glucagon secretion, and delaying gastric emptying (incretin mimetic)

liraglutide AEs

hypoglycemia, nausea, diarrhea, headache, vomiting, nasopharyngitis

liraglutide contraindications

no IM or IV admin, type 1 diabetes, medullary thyroid CA, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2

liraglutide dose

1.2-1.8 mg SC QD

liraglutide BBW

contraindicated in patients with certain thyroid or endocrine cancers

sitagliptin brand

januvia

sitagliptin class

DPP-4 enzyme inhibitor

sitagliptin MOA

increases the level of incretin, increases insulin synthesis and release, decreases glucagon levels

sitagliptin AEs

headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain, arthralgia

sitagliptin contraindications

type 1 diabetes, ketoacidosis

sitagliptin dose

100 mg po QD

sitagliptin BBW

none

linagliptin brand

tradjenta

linagliptin class

DPP-4 enzyme inhibitor

linagliptin MOA

increases the level of incretin, increases insulin synthesis and release, decreases glucagon levels

linagliptin AEs

hypoglycemia, diarrhea, nasopharyngitis, cough

linagliptin contraindications

type 1 diabetes, ketoacidosis

linagliptin dose

5 mg QD

linagliptin BBW

none

phentermine brand

adipex-p, lomaira

phentermine class

anti-obesity drug

phentermine MOA

sympathomimetic amine that also stimulates the hypothalamus to release norepinephrine causing a reduction in appetite

phentermine AEs

palpitations, tachycardia, dizziness, tremor, headache, diarrhea, impotence

phentermine contraindications

MAOI use, pregnancy, breastfeeding, CV disease

phentermine dose

15-37.5 mg PO QAM

phentermine BBW

none

propranolol brand

inderal

propranolol class

non-selective beta blocker (B1 + B2)

propranolol MOA

non-selectively antagonizes beta 1 and beta 2 adrenergic receptors

propranolol AEs

peripheral edema, fatigue, nausea, palpitations, dizziness, diarrhea, bronchitis, cold extremities, nightmares, agitation

propranolol contraindications

asthma, sinus bradycardia, AV block

propranolol dose

80-240 mg/d PO divided BID-TID or ER dosed QD

propranolol BBW

do not stop abruptly - taper dose

carvedilol brand

coreg

carvedilol class

selective alpha and non-selective beta-adrenergic blocker

carvedilol MOA

selectively antagonizes alpha-1 adrenergic receptors and non-selectively antagonizes beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors

carvedilol AEs

dizziness, fatigue, diarrhea, bradycardia, hypotension, nausea, headache, edema, visual disturbance

carvedilol contraindications

bradycardia, asthma, sick sinus syndrome, 2nd/3rd degree heart block

carvedilol dose

6.25-25 mg PO BID

carvedilol BBW

none

spironolactone brand

aldactone

spironolactone class

potassium-sparing diuretic

spironolactone MOA

competes with aldosterone for receptor sites in the distal renal tubules, increasing sodium chloride and water excretion while conserving potassium and hydrogen ions

spironolactone AEs

gynecomastia, hyperkalemia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, confusion

spironolactone contraindications

hyperkalemia, pregnancy

spironolactone dose

25-100 mg PO per day divided QD-BID

spironolactone BBW

may increase tumor risk

furosemide brand

lasix

furosemide class

loop diuretic

furosemide MOA

inhibits loop of Henle and proximal and distal convoluted tubule sodium and chloride resorption

furosemide AEs

dizziness, nausea, muscle cramps, hypokalemia, rash, hypomagnesia

furosemide contraindications

anuria, hepatic coma, electrolyte imbalance

furosemide dose

40-120 mg PO divided QD-BID

furosemide BBW

in excess amounts can cause profound water and electrolyte depletion

prednisone brand

sterapred

prednisone class

corticosteroid

prednisone MOA

inhibits multiple inflammatory cytokines, produces multiple glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid effects

prednisone AEs

hirsutism, weight gain, erythema, abdominal discomfort, rash, nausea, vomiting, fluid retention, dizziness, anxiety, depression

prednisone contraindications

systemic fungal infection, avoid abrupt withdrawal in high or long-term use

prednisone dose

5-60 mg PO QD

prednisone BBW

none

methylprednisolone brand

medrol

methylprednisolone class

corticosteroid

methylprednisolone MOA

inhibits multiple inflammatory cytokines, produces multiple glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid effects

methylprednisolone AEs

hirsutism, weight gain, erythema, abdominal discomfort, rash, nausea, vomiting, fluid retention, dizziness, anxiety, depression

methylprednisolone contraindications

systemic fungal infection, avoid abrupt withdrawal in high or long-term use

methylprednisolone dose

4-48 mg/day PO divided QD-QID

methylprednisolone BBW

none

prednisolone brand

orapred, pediapred

prednisolone class

corticosteroid

prednisolone MOA

inhibits multiple inflammatory cytokines, produces multiple glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid effects

prednisolone AEs

hirsutism, weight gain, erythema, abdominal discomfort, rash, nausea, vomiting, fluid retention, dizziness, anxiety, depression

prednisolone contraindications

systemic fungal infection, avoid abrupt withdrawal in high or long-term use

prednisolone dose

5-60 mg/day divided QD-QID

prednisolone BBW

none