3.1 - European, East Asian, and Gunpowder Empires Expand
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38 Terms
Gunpowder Empires used ____ to ____
firearms, conquer territories
what are four major Gunpowder Empires?
Russia, Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals
around what year did the medieval period end?
1450
the invention of the _____ increased ____
Gutenberg printing press, literacy
after 1450s, Europe became more ____ and the new ______ class began to grow
centralized, middle
what 3 major things did leaders want to centralize?
taxes, army, and religion
why was Russia special? (think location)
it spanned from Europe to Asia
Russia was influenced by what two groups of people?
Mongols and Vikings
who were the Cossacks?
peasant warriors
control of the ___ River helped Russia by ____, avoiding the strong ______
Volga, opening a trade outlet, Crimean Tartars
what is one surprising place the Russians went to?
America
which dynasty overthrew Kublai Khan?
Ming Dynasty
the Ming Dynasty expanded China’s ____ and ____
size, wall
what two threats did the Ming Dynasty face?
Qing Dynasty and Mongols
which emperor is responsible for Taiwan, Mongolia, and Tibet expansions?
Kangxi
what emperor is responsible for strong bureaucracy and genocide in _____?
Qianlong, Xinjiang
what traits did all Islamic Gunpowder Empires share in common?
Turkish, caused by breakup of Mongols, and used gunpowder
what was the ghazi ideal?
warrior life that blended nomadic cooperativeness and willingness to fight
what person helped set state for rise of Turkic empires?
Tamerlane
around what area is the Ottoman empire?
present-day Turkey
the Ottoman Empire is special because it ____
lasted over 600 years
what city in Ottoman empire was crucial to trade?
Istanbul
what was the significance of Istanbul?
it controlled the Aegean-Black Sea link
how did the Ottomans take Istanbul?
cannons
____ had to pay a tax to the _____
Venice, Ottomans
the Safavid empire lacked a ____
navy
how did the Safavid Empire remain strong?
importing European weapons and expertise
which religion was important for justifying governance in the Safavid Empire?
Shi’a Islam
which two Islam empires have frequent hostilities?
Ottomans and Safavids
the Ottoman is primarily what religion?
Sunni religion
where did the Safavid dynasty originate?
Iran
the Mughal empire was one of the ____ and _____ states in the world
richest, best-governed
what goods did the Mughal empire trade?
textiles, foods, spices, stones
what goods did the Mughal empire want?
gold and silver
how did the Ottoman empire decline?
weak leadership and strong European neighbors
why were the successors of Suleiman weak?
wives and concubines promoted their children
how did the Safavid Empire decline?
corruption, military spending, and Sunni Pashtun rebellions
how did the Mughal empire decline?
corruption, expensive military campaigns, primitive military technology, and peasant uprisings