Axial Skeleton Anatomy

Flashcards about the axial skeleton's anatomy.

The vertebral formula for a Horse is __.

C7 T18 L6 S5 Cd 15-21

The vertebral formula for a Cow is __.

C7 T13 L6 S5 Cd 18-20

The vertebral formula for a Dog is __.

C7 T13 L7 S3 Cd 20-23

The vertebral formula for a Cat is __.

C7 T13 L7 S3 Cd 18-21

The vertebral arch consists of __.

Paired pedicles and paired laminae

The vertebral canal houses the __.

Spinal cord

__ course through the intervertebral foramina.

Spinal nerves and blood vessels

The atlas (C1) has __.

No spinous process

The atlas articulates with the __.

Occipital condyles of the skull

The atlanto-occipital joint allows __.

Extension and flexion only

The Axis (C2) has a peg-like eminence called the __.

Dens

The atlantoaxial joint allows __.

Rotational movement

The __ courses across the vertebral arch of C1 and holds the dens against the atlas.

Transverse ligament of the atlas

The __ run from the dens to the occipital bone.

Apical ligament of the dens and alar ligaments

Cervical vertebrae __ feature transverse foramina for vertebral vein, artery, nerve.

C1-C6

__ has expanded ventral transverse processes.

C6

__ has no transverse foramina and has caudal costal foveae.

C7

The anticlinal vertebra is __, and its spinous process is considered perpendicular to the body.

T11

The __ of the rib articulates with the transverse process of the same numbered vertebra.

Tubercle

The __ of the rib articulates with the body of the same numbered vertebra.

Head

__ extend across the dorsal surface of the intervertebral disc and hold the heads of the ribs in place.

Intercapital ligaments

The sternum is composed of __.

Manubrium, sternebrae, xiphoid process

Lumbar vertebrae have __.

Large bodies and large, thick transverse processes

Fused spinous processes of the sacrum form the __.

Median sacral crest

The __ is a reference point for obstetrics on the sacrum.

Sacral promontory

__ are located on Cd4-Cd6 to protect tail vessels.

Hemal arch

The outer circumferential collagenous fibers of the intervertebral disc are called the __.

Anulus fibrosus

The inner gelatinous core of the intervertebral disc is called the __.

Nucleus pulposus

The __ is located on the dorsal surface of the vertebral bodies, ventral to the spinal cord, and courses from C2 to the sacrum.

Dorsal longitudinal ligament

The __ is located on the ventral surface of the vertebral bodies and courses from C2 to the sacrum.

Ventral longitudinal ligament

The __ courses between the vertebral arches dorsally and fills the interarcuate space.

Interarcuate ligament or yellow ligament (ligamentum flavum)

The __ courses dorsally along the spinous processes of T1 – Cd3 vertebrae.

Supraspinous ligament

The __ is a cranial extension of the supraspinous ligament, courses between the spinous processes of the axis (C2) and T1 in the dog.

Nuchal ligament

The nuchal ligament is composed of __.

Funicular and laminar portions