Important Events in the Period of Propaganda and Revolution

Historical vocabulary covering the key figures, dates, and events of the Philippine Propaganda Movement and the subsequent Revolution against Spain.

Panahon ng Propaganda (1872–1892)

A period of peaceful movement for reform led by educated Filipinos or Ilustrados in Spain through writing, newspapers, and speeches.

Panahon ng Himagsikan (1896–1898)

A period characterized by armed struggle to achieve independence from Spain.

Ilustrado

Educated Filipinos in Spain who carried out the peaceful Propaganda Movement.

Cavite Mutiny (1872)

An uprising on January 20, 1872, led by Sgt. Fernando La Madrid involving approximately 200 soldiers and workers at the Cavite arsenal due to the removal of tax and polo y servicios exemptions.

GOMBURZA

Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, three Filipino priests executed on February 17, 1872, in Bagumbayan who became an inspiration for the Ilustrados.

La Solidaridad

Established on February 15, 1889, in Barcelona, Spain, this organization and its newspaper aimed to inform Spain of the true state of the Philippines and advocate for reforms.

Noli Me Tangere

A novel published in 1887 in Berlin with the help of Maximo Viola that discussed corruption, friar abuse, and discrimination.

El Filibusterismo

The 1891 sequel to Noli Me Tangere, published in Ghent, Belgium, and dedicated to GOMBURZA, showing that oppression could lead to revolution.

La Liga Filipina

A civic organization established by Jose Rizal on July 3, 1892, before he was arrested and exiled to Dapitan on July 7, 1892.

Marcelo H. del Pilar

Known as Plaridel, he was the Editor-in-Chief of La Solidaridad and author of Dasalan at Tocsohan and Caiingat Cayo.

KKK (Katipunan)

The Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan, founded on July 7, 1892, by Andres Bonifacio and others to seek complete independence through armed struggle.

Sigaw sa Pugad Lawin

The event on August 23, 1896, where Katipuneros tore their sedulas as a signal for the start of the Philippine Revolution.

Tejeros Convention

A meeting held on March 22, 1897, in Cavite intended to unite the revolutionary government, resulting in the election of Emilio Aguinaldo as President.

Kasunduan sa Biak-na-Bato

A treaty signed on December 14–15, 1897, between Aguinaldo and Primo de Rivera involving a ceasefire, payment, and the exile of leaders to Hong Kong.

Andres Bonifacio's Execution

Occurred on May 10, 1897, at Bundok Nagpatong, Maragondon, Cavite, after he was found guilty of sedition and treason.

First Philippine Republic

Also known as the Republic of Malolos, established on January 23, 1899, with Emilio Aguinaldo as President; it was the first republic in Asia.