Neuro Disorders Overview for NCLEX

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to neuro disorders, their evaluation, symptoms, and nursing priorities, especially as they pertain to the NCLEX exam.

What are the two main components of the nervous system?

The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

What is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) used for?

Assessing the level of consciousness in patients with neurological issues.

What indicates a mild brain injury on the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A score of 13 to 15.

What is a critical early sign of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

A change in level of consciousness.

What is Cushing's triad?

A clinical syndrome characterized by hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respirations.

What acronym can be used to remember the signs of a stroke?

F.A.S.T.: Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulties, Time to call 911.

What are the two main types of strokes?

Ischemic stroke (caused by a blockage) and hemorrhagic stroke (caused by bleeding).

What medication is administered for ischemic stroke if diagnosed within the appropriate timeframe?

tPA (tissue plasminogen activator).

What is the major risk associated with hemorrhagic stroke regarding medication?

tPA should not be given since the patient is already bleeding.

What should you do first during a seizure?

Ensure the patient's safety by turning them on their side.

What are potential triggers for seizures?

Trauma, infections, electrolyte imbalances, hypoglycemia, or stress.

What is Lyme disease and how is it primarily transmitted?

A tick-borne illness caused by Borrelia burgdorferi transmitted through deer tick bites.

What is the hallmark sign of meningitis?

Nuchal rigidity (stiff neck).

What are the key symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS)?

Muscle weakness, numbness, vision problems, and bowel/bladder dysfunction.

What are the two primary symptoms of Parkinson's disease?

Tremors at rest and rigidity.

What is the major concern with Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)?

Respiratory failure due to ascending paralysis.

What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient with a spinal cord injury?

Airway management and immobilization.

What is myasthenia gravis?

An autoimmune disorder that causes muscle weakness due to impaired communication at the neuromuscular junction.

How are acetylcholine levels affected in myasthenia gravis?

Antibodies destroy acetylcholine receptors, decreasing communication between the brain and muscles.

What is essential for medication management in myasthenia gravis patients?

Administering medication at the same time daily to maintain effective levels.

What are common treatments for Guillain-Barre Syndrome?

IV immunoglobulin (IVIG) and plasmapheresis for removing antibodies.