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What is the mission of the American Psychological Association (APA)?
To advance and disseminate psychological knowledge for the betterment of people.
How many divisions are in the APA?
54 divisions, representing a wide variety of specialties.
Who was the first president of the APA?
G. Stanley Hall.
What organization was founded in 1988 to promote scientific psychology?
The Association for Psychological Science (APS).
What does biopsychology study?
How biology, especially the nervous system, influences behavior.
What is evolutionary psychology concerned with?
The ultimate biological causes of behavior shaped by natural selection.
What must be true for a behavior to be considered evolved by natural selection?
It must have a significant genetic basis.
What does sensation and perception research study?
The physiological and psychological experience of sensory information.
What influences perception beyond sensory input?
Attention, past experiences, and cultural background.
What does cognitive psychology focus on?
Studying thoughts (cognitions) and their relationship to experiences and actions.
What term describes the interdisciplinary nature of cognitive psychology?
Cognitive science.
What is developmental psychology?
The scientific study of development across a lifespan.
What is object permanence?
The understanding that objects continue to exist even when hidden.
Who studied cognitive development in children?
Jean Piaget.
What does personality psychology study?
Patterns of thoughts and behaviors that make individuals unique.
What are the Big Five personality traits?
Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.
What does social psychology study?
How we interact with and relate to others.
What controversial study did Stanley Milgram conduct?
An obedience experiment where participants believed they were delivering lethal shocks.
What ethical issue did Milgram’s study highlight?
The use of deception and emotional stress in psychological research.
What does I-O psychology apply psychological principles to?
Workplace settings, including hiring, productivity, and organizational structure.
What model does health psychology use?
The biopsychosocial model.
What does the biopsychosocial model emphasize?
The interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors in health.
What does sport and exercise psychology study?
Motivation, performance anxiety, and the mental effects of physical activity.
What does clinical psychology focus on?
Diagnosing and treating psychological disorders and problematic behaviors.
What therapy approach did Carl Rogers develop?
Client-centered therapy.
What are the key traits of a Rogers-style therapist?
Unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy.
What does forensic psychology deal with?
Psychological questions in the context of the justice system.
What roles do forensic psychologists play in court?
Expert witnesses, competency assessments, and jury consultation.