REVIEWER 21st century (module-based)

Literature

Derived from the Latin word 'litera', meaning 'letter'; a faithful reproduction of human experiences expressed harmoniously.

Brother Azurin's Definition of Literature

Literature expresses feelings towards society, government, surroundings, fellowmen, and the Divine Creator.

Characteristics of Literary Text

Narrates a story, expresses emotions, thoughts, or ideas, delivers significant information across time, places, cultures, and languages.

Literary Structure

The organizational method used in literature.

Narrative Structure

The most common literary structure.

Major Forms of Literature

Includes Poetry, Prose, and Drama.

Poetry

A literary form written in lines with rhythm, sound, imagery, and form.

Narrative Poetry

A type of poetry that tells a story.

Dramatic Poetry

A drama written in verse.

Lyric Poetry

Focuses on emotions rather than storytelling.

Prose

Uses natural speech and logical paragraph structure.

Fiction

Imagined stories that do not happen in real life, subdivided into genres such as short story, novel, and novella.

Genres of Fiction

Includes Crime, Fantasy, Romance, Sci-Fi, Western, Inspirational, Historical Fiction, and Horror.

Non-Fiction

Factual writing based on real events.

Forms of Non-Fiction

Includes essays, journals, diaries, feature articles, and editorials.

Genre

The form of literature.

Types of Genre

Epic, Tragedy, Comedy, Creative Non-Fiction.

Literary Elements

Elements of a story, including setting, character, conflict, theme, point-of-view, and plot.

Elements of Poetry

Includes form, imagery, rhythm, and sound.

Literary Traditions

Traits defining literary works of a particular period or generation.

Philippine Literary History

A historical overview of major periods in Philippine literature.

Pre-Colonial Period Literature

Includes legends, folk tales, epic age poems, and folk songs.

Legends

Fictional stories explaining origins of things, places, and names.

Folk Tales

Stories about life, adventure, love, horror, and humor.

Epic Age

Long narrative poems about heroic achievements.

Folk Songs

Express emotions and culture.

Types of Poetry in Pre-Colonial Period

Includes epigrams, riddles, chants, maxims, and sayings.

Spanish Colonial Period Literature

Includes religious literature and secular literature like folk songs and recreational plays.

Period of Enlightenment Literature

Features educated Filipinos known as Ilustrados and the Propaganda Movement.

American Colonization Literature

Emergence of literature in English.

Japanese Colonization Literature

Philippine literature in English halted with themes of nationalism and faith.

Contemporary/Modern Period Literature

Influenced by technology, includes hyperpoetry, mobile textula, and flash fiction.

Representative Texts in the Philippines

Key works by Filipino authors such as Bartolome Del Valle.

Indarapatra at Sulayman

Epic translated by Bartolome Del Valle, set in Mindanao.

Setting

The time and place in which a story occurs.

Climax

The turning point and most exciting moment in the story.

Moral Lesson

The key values depicted in a story, such as bravery and leadership.

Geographic Dimension

Study of places and their relationships in literature.

Linguistic Dimension

System of conventional symbols for expression in literature.

Ethnic Dimension

Cultural, linguistic, and social identity portrayed in literature.

Conventional Literary Genres

Includes poetry, fiction, non-fiction, and drama.

Poetry (Definition)

Literary form using rhythm, imagery, and symbolism.

Fiction (Definition)

Imagined stories that do not depict real events.

Non-Fiction (Definition)

Factual writing about real events and people.

Drama (Definition)

A script-based genre meant for performance.

Elements of Poetry

Includes rhyme, meter, imagery, and symbolism.

Rhyme

Repetition of similar sounds in poetry.

Imagery

Descriptive language that creates mental images.

Metaphor

Direct comparison between two unlike things.

Simile

Comparison using 'like' or 'as'.

Onomatopoeia

Words that imitate sounds.

Alliteration

Repetition of the same initial sound.

Assonance

Repetition of vowel sounds.

Repetition

Emphasizing words or phrases.

Personification

Giving human traits to non-human things.

Hyperbole

Exaggeration beyond belief.

Symbolism in Poetry

Use of objects to represent abstract ideas.

Black or Darkness (Symbolism)

Symbolizes death or uncertainty.

White Rose (Symbolism)

Represents purity or new beginnings.

21st Century Literary Genres

Includes illustrated novels, digi-fiction, graphic novels, manga, and more.

Illustrated Novel

A narrative combining text and images.

Digi-Fiction

Combines book, movie, and website for storytelling.

Graphic Novel

A comic book format novel.

Manga

Japanese comic books with unique artistic styles.

Biographical Context (Definition)

Study of an author's life to understand their works.

Context (Definition)

Circumstances surrounding events or ideas.

Autobiography

Self-written account of a person's life.

Biography

Factual account of a person's life by another.

Literary Text

Written work that tells a story.

Biographical Strategies

Methods used to analyze literature by examining the author's life.

Self-Assessment

Evaluating one’s own work to identify strengths and areas for improvement.

Peer-Assessment

Evaluation of a classmate's work based on set criteria.

Literary Adaptation

Transforming a literary source into another genre or medium.

Same-Genre Adaptation

Adapting a literary work within the same genre for a different audience.

Museum Adaptation

Preserving details from the original work.

Artful Adaptation

Balances fidelity to the source with artistic interpretation.

Loose Adaptation

Retains some elements but takes creative liberties.

Transformative Adaptation

Emphasizes timeless themes, reimagining the source material significantly.

Multimedia (Definition)

Integration of various media forms for digital representation.

Blog or Weblog

Website containing articles about personal opinions.

Mind Mapping

Graphical technique for visualizing connections.

Mobile Textula

A traditional Filipino tanaga, consists of four lines with seven syllables each.

Slide Presentation

A sequence of slides displaying information or graphics.

Tag Cloud

Visual representation of words or tags in textual content.

Video (Definition)

Digital medium for recording and displaying moving visual content.

Plot (Elements of a Short Story)

Sequence of events making up the story.

Conflict

Struggle between opposing forces driving the plot.

Theme

The central idea or underlying message of the story.

Point of View

The perspective from which the story is narrated.

First Person Point of View

Narrator is a character in the story using 'I'.

Limited Third Person Point of View

Narrator knows only one character's thoughts.

Omniscient Third Person Point of View

Narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of all characters.