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Literature
Derived from the Latin word 'litera', meaning 'letter'; a faithful reproduction of human experiences expressed harmoniously.
Brother Azurin's Definition of Literature
Literature expresses feelings towards society, government, surroundings, fellowmen, and the Divine Creator.
Characteristics of Literary Text
Narrates a story, expresses emotions, thoughts, or ideas, delivers significant information across time, places, cultures, and languages.
Literary Structure
The organizational method used in literature.
Narrative Structure
The most common literary structure.
Major Forms of Literature
Includes Poetry, Prose, and Drama.
Poetry
A literary form written in lines with rhythm, sound, imagery, and form.
Narrative Poetry
A type of poetry that tells a story.
Dramatic Poetry
A drama written in verse.
Lyric Poetry
Focuses on emotions rather than storytelling.
Prose
Uses natural speech and logical paragraph structure.
Fiction
Imagined stories that do not happen in real life, subdivided into genres such as short story, novel, and novella.
Genres of Fiction
Includes Crime, Fantasy, Romance, Sci-Fi, Western, Inspirational, Historical Fiction, and Horror.
Non-Fiction
Factual writing based on real events.
Forms of Non-Fiction
Includes essays, journals, diaries, feature articles, and editorials.
Genre
The form of literature.
Types of Genre
Epic, Tragedy, Comedy, Creative Non-Fiction.
Literary Elements
Elements of a story, including setting, character, conflict, theme, point-of-view, and plot.
Elements of Poetry
Includes form, imagery, rhythm, and sound.
Literary Traditions
Traits defining literary works of a particular period or generation.
Philippine Literary History
A historical overview of major periods in Philippine literature.
Pre-Colonial Period Literature
Includes legends, folk tales, epic age poems, and folk songs.
Legends
Fictional stories explaining origins of things, places, and names.
Folk Tales
Stories about life, adventure, love, horror, and humor.
Epic Age
Long narrative poems about heroic achievements.
Folk Songs
Express emotions and culture.
Types of Poetry in Pre-Colonial Period
Includes epigrams, riddles, chants, maxims, and sayings.
Spanish Colonial Period Literature
Includes religious literature and secular literature like folk songs and recreational plays.
Period of Enlightenment Literature
Features educated Filipinos known as Ilustrados and the Propaganda Movement.
American Colonization Literature
Emergence of literature in English.
Japanese Colonization Literature
Philippine literature in English halted with themes of nationalism and faith.
Contemporary/Modern Period Literature
Influenced by technology, includes hyperpoetry, mobile textula, and flash fiction.
Representative Texts in the Philippines
Key works by Filipino authors such as Bartolome Del Valle.
Indarapatra at Sulayman
Epic translated by Bartolome Del Valle, set in Mindanao.
Setting
The time and place in which a story occurs.
Climax
The turning point and most exciting moment in the story.
Moral Lesson
The key values depicted in a story, such as bravery and leadership.
Geographic Dimension
Study of places and their relationships in literature.
Linguistic Dimension
System of conventional symbols for expression in literature.
Ethnic Dimension
Cultural, linguistic, and social identity portrayed in literature.
Conventional Literary Genres
Includes poetry, fiction, non-fiction, and drama.
Poetry (Definition)
Literary form using rhythm, imagery, and symbolism.
Fiction (Definition)
Imagined stories that do not depict real events.
Non-Fiction (Definition)
Factual writing about real events and people.
Drama (Definition)
A script-based genre meant for performance.
Elements of Poetry
Includes rhyme, meter, imagery, and symbolism.
Rhyme
Repetition of similar sounds in poetry.
Imagery
Descriptive language that creates mental images.
Metaphor
Direct comparison between two unlike things.
Simile
Comparison using 'like' or 'as'.
Onomatopoeia
Words that imitate sounds.
Alliteration
Repetition of the same initial sound.
Assonance
Repetition of vowel sounds.
Repetition
Emphasizing words or phrases.
Personification
Giving human traits to non-human things.
Hyperbole
Exaggeration beyond belief.
Symbolism in Poetry
Use of objects to represent abstract ideas.
Black or Darkness (Symbolism)
Symbolizes death or uncertainty.
White Rose (Symbolism)
Represents purity or new beginnings.
21st Century Literary Genres
Includes illustrated novels, digi-fiction, graphic novels, manga, and more.
Illustrated Novel
A narrative combining text and images.
Digi-Fiction
Combines book, movie, and website for storytelling.
Graphic Novel
A comic book format novel.
Manga
Japanese comic books with unique artistic styles.
Biographical Context (Definition)
Study of an author's life to understand their works.
Context (Definition)
Circumstances surrounding events or ideas.
Autobiography
Self-written account of a person's life.
Biography
Factual account of a person's life by another.
Literary Text
Written work that tells a story.
Biographical Strategies
Methods used to analyze literature by examining the author's life.
Self-Assessment
Evaluating one’s own work to identify strengths and areas for improvement.
Peer-Assessment
Evaluation of a classmate's work based on set criteria.
Literary Adaptation
Transforming a literary source into another genre or medium.
Same-Genre Adaptation
Adapting a literary work within the same genre for a different audience.
Museum Adaptation
Preserving details from the original work.
Artful Adaptation
Balances fidelity to the source with artistic interpretation.
Loose Adaptation
Retains some elements but takes creative liberties.
Transformative Adaptation
Emphasizes timeless themes, reimagining the source material significantly.
Multimedia (Definition)
Integration of various media forms for digital representation.
Blog or Weblog
Website containing articles about personal opinions.
Mind Mapping
Graphical technique for visualizing connections.
Mobile Textula
A traditional Filipino tanaga, consists of four lines with seven syllables each.
Slide Presentation
A sequence of slides displaying information or graphics.
Tag Cloud
Visual representation of words or tags in textual content.
Video (Definition)
Digital medium for recording and displaying moving visual content.
Plot (Elements of a Short Story)
Sequence of events making up the story.
Conflict
Struggle between opposing forces driving the plot.
Theme
The central idea or underlying message of the story.
Point of View
The perspective from which the story is narrated.
First Person Point of View
Narrator is a character in the story using 'I'.
Limited Third Person Point of View
Narrator knows only one character's thoughts.
Omniscient Third Person Point of View
Narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of all characters.
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