Honors Chemistry Chapter 1

Why do elements in the same column of the periodic table share similar properties?

Elements in the same column have the same number of valence electrons.

Group 1 of the periodic table is known as?

Alkali metals.

Group 2 of the periodic table is known as?

Alkaline earth metals.

Group 17 of the periodic table is known as?

Halogens.

Group 18 of the periodic table is known as?

Noble gases.

What is the trend in atomic size and ionization energy?

As atomic size increases, ionization energy decreases, and vice versa.

How does atomic size affect ionization energy?

Smaller atoms have a greater electron pull leading to higher ionization energy.

Arrange the following in order of increasing atomic size: Cs, Ar, K, Kr, Co, Mo, Ca.

From smallest to largest: Ar, K, Ca, Co, Kr, Mo, Cs.

Arrange the following in order of increasing ionization energy: Cs, Mo, K, Ca, Co, Kr, Ar.

From smallest to largest: Cs, K, Ca, Co, Kr, Ar, Mo.

How many electrons does Gallium lose to form its ion?

Gallium loses 3 electrons to form a +3 ion.

Where are metals located on the periodic table?

Metals are located to the left and below the stair-step line.

How many stable ions do elements in period 3 form?

Elements in period 3 typically form +1, +2, or +3 ions depending on the group.

Explain Coulomb's law.

Coulomb's law states that the force between two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

What is the shielding effect?

The shielding effect refers to the phenomenon where inner electrons reduce the effective nuclear charge felt by outer-shell electrons.

How can you determine if a sample is metal or non-metal?

By assessing its physical characteristics; metals are typically shiny, malleable, and good conductors, while non-metals are dull, brittle, and poor conductors.

What is electron configuration?

Electron configuration describes the distribution of electrons in an atom's orbitals.

How can you identify an element based on its electron configuration?

By recognizing the order and number of electrons within its orbitals corresponding to its atomic number.