Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

cellular respiration equation

C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6 H2O + energy

cellular respiration definition

The process of converting glucose into a form of energy (ATP) that is useable by cells

glycolysis

Begins initial breakdown of glucose

Occurs in the cytoplasm

Breaks glucose molecule into 2 pyruvate molecules

Creates NADH from NAD+

Creates 2 ATP molecules

Does not require oxygen

pyruvate

The molecules created from the initial breakdown of glucose during glycolysis

cytoplasm

site of glycolysis

NAD+

molecule that brings electrons and H via NADH to the electron transport chain to create ATP

created during reactions that breakdown glucose

FAD

molecule that brings electrons and H via FADH2 to the electron transport chain to create ATP

created during reactions that breakdown glucose

aerobic cellular respiration

metabolic pathway that requires oxygen (Kreb's --> ETC); complete breakdown of glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water

anaerobic cellular respiration

metabolic pathway that does not use oxygen (AKA fermentation); breakdown of pyruvate into lactic acid or alcohol and CO2

Kreb's cycle

AKA citric acid cycle

occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion

completes the breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide

generates NADH and FADH2 that carry H to the electron transport chain

creates 2 ATP

electron transport chain (ETC)

occurs along the inner membrane of the mitochondrion

NADH and FADH2 deliver electrons that are passed across the membrane to create 32 ATP

oxygen is final electron acceptor to form water

ATP

adenosine triphosphate

the "energy currency of the cell"

the form of energy that is useable by cells

breaks into ADP when used by cells

ADP

adenosine diphosphate

accepts a phosphate group to store energy in the form of ATP

fermentation

anaerobic respiration

follows glycolysis and converts pyruvate into either alcohol and CO2 (yeast, bacteria) or lactic acid (muscles)

occurs in the cytoplasm

mitochondrion

site of aerobic cellular respiration

glucose in respiration

reactant that is broken down in first stage (glycolysis) into pyruvate

oxygen in respiration

reactant that is used to accept electrons in ETC

carbon dioxide in respiration

product of final breakdown of glucose in Kreb's cycle

water in respiration

product created from oxygen and electrons from ETC

photosynthesis equation

6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY --> C6H12O6 + 6O2

photosynthesis definition

Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in the bonds of a glucose molecule.

ENERGY ACQUIRING

light dependent reactions

series of reactions that uses energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH

takes in H2O and gives off O2 as a waste product

occurs in the thylakoids of the chloroplast

light independent reactions

AKA Calvin cycle or dark cycle

series of reactions that do not require light

uses CO2, and energy from ATP & NADPH to build glucose

occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast

NADP+

molecule that transfers electrons Calvin cycle to build glucose

chloroplast

the site of photosynthesis

water in photosynthesis

reactant split during the light dependent reactions

carbon dioxide in photosynthesis

reactant that is used to build glucose in light independent reactions

glucose in photosynthesis

product that is built in the light independent reactions

molecule that stores chemical energy within the chemical bonds between the atoms

oxygen in photosynthesis

product that is formed in the light dependent reactions from the breakdown of water

autotroph

An organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight and transform it into an organic molecule of glucose

AKA producer

Plants and plant-like protists

heterotroph

An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms

AKA consumer

Animals, Fungi, animal-like protists, most bacteria

photosynthetic organisms

Plants

Plant-like protists

Some bacteria

Must contain a chloroplast or chlorophyll

respiration organisms

ALL organisms MUST perform some type of respiration (aerobic or anaerobic) to convert glucose into ATP