Addiction ch 7

narcotic

is a drug that dulls the senses, relieves pain, and induces sleep.

Opioids

Any natural, synthetic, or endogenous substance that binds to the opioid receptor.

Pharmacy Act

restricted the sale of opiates to pharmacists and doctors.

Harrison Narcotics Act.

decreed that physicians and pharmacists had to be licensed to prescribe opium, morphine, and cocaine; that they must register with the U.S. Treasury Department and pay a nominal tax; that they should keep records of the narcotic drugs they dispensed; and that they could only prescribe in the course of their medical practice

Operation Golden Flow in 1971.

Any military personnel due to leave Vietnam were required to undergo a drug test and submit a clean urine sample before being allowed to return home

Today, Afghanistan is the world’s largest supplier of

heroin, producing more than 90 percent of the world’s opium, although the majority of heroin consumed in the United States comes from Mexico

The chemical difference between _______ and _______ is two added acetyl groups; the user end difference is that the latter substance enters the brain _______ times faster.

morphine; heroin; 100

80 percent of new heroin users started out

misusing prescription pain medications

heroin is often combined with various contaminants, such as

talc, baking powder, or lactose to increase its bulk and mannitol to counteract heroin’s constipating effects

Quinine poisoning is characterized by

froth oozing from the nose and mouth.

The opioid receptors we have throughout our body mediate all the following processes

analgesia.

respiratory depression.

digestion.

When opioids bind to our _______ opioid receptors, they act as _______ and affect the release of neurotransmitters; when opioids bind to _______ receptors, they themselves act as _______.

presynaptic, neuromodulators; postsynaptic, neurotransmitters

opioid triad

The symptoms of coma, depressed respiration, and pinpoint pupils, which are indicative of opioid poisoning.

Regarding the circumstances surrounding the three waves of opioid overdose (OD) deaths in the U.S., which of the following set of descriptions is accurate (i.e., depicts the events of the first wave, second wave, and third wave in order)?

There is an increase in the prescribing of opioids → OD deaths involving heroin spike due to prescription opioids becoming more difficult to obtain → More OD deaths involve synthetic opioids, especially fentanyl

nociceptors

A sensory receptor for painful stimuli.

_______, which is an ingredient in commonly used drugs as Robitussin, NyQuil, and TheraFlu, is an opioid derivative that suppresses cough. At medically recommended doses it has almost no _______ effects, but it has abuse potential because at high doses is produces _______.

dextromethorphan; psychoactive; dissociation

Tolerance occurs most rapidly when

high doses are taken at short intervals,

To stop using drugs, opioid addicts must first undergo

detoxification by going through withdrawal