APUSH - Unit 7: Terms; Laws, Policies & Important People

Treaty of Paris (1898)

  ended Spanish-American war; Spain ceded Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philippines to the U.S.; Cuba gains nominal independence

Platt Amendment (1901)

U.S. rights to intervene in Cuban affairs; restricted Cuba’s treaties + U.S. naval base at Guantánamo Bay

Open Door Policy

U.S. policy advocating equal trading rights in China and opposition to foreign spheres of influence

Big Stick Policy

Roosevelt’s foreign policy, emphasizing military strength and intervention to achieve U.S. goals in Latin America

Bad Trust & Good Trusts

Roosevelt's policy distinguishing monopolies that harmed consumers (“bad”) from those that benefited the economy (“good”)

16th Amendment

allowed the federal government to impose an income tax

Federal Reserve Act

created Federal Reserve System to regulate banking and currency

Fourteen Bonds

Wilson’s WWI peace plan promoting self-determination, free trade, the League

Treaty of Versailles

ended WWI, imposed harsh penalties on Germany, established the League

Liberty Bonds

government-issued bonds to finance U.S. participation in WWI

Espionage Act

made it illegal to interfere with military recruitment or aid U.S. enemies

Sedition Act

criminalized speech critical of the government, war effort, or military

Quota Laws

restricted immigration by setting limits based on nationality, favoring northern and western Europeans

Volstead Act

enforced the 18th Amendment, prohibiting alcohol

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

high tariff that worsened the Depression by reducing international trade

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (EDIC)

insured bank deposits to restore public confidence in the banking system

Wagner Act

strengthened workers’ rights by protecting unions and collective bargaining

Disarmament

efforts to reduce military weapons, particularly after WWI

Kellogg-Briand Pact

international agreement attempting to outlaw war as national policy

Dawes Plan

A U.S.-backed plan to help Germany pay WWI reparations through loans and reduced payments

Good Neighbor Policy

FDR’s policy of non-intervention in Latin America, reversing past U.S. interventionist policies

Four Freedoms

FDR’s goals for a post-WWII world; freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear

Atlantic Charter

joint U.S.-British statement outlining post-war goals, including self-determination and free trade

Grover Cleveland

opposed imperialism + blocked Republican efforts to annex Hawaii

Rough Riders

a regiment of volunteers led by Roosevelt, who had resigned his navy post to take part in the war

William Jennings Bryan

opposed imperialism + arguing for fundamentalism in Scopes Trial

• “Cross of Gold” speech → free silver to bring national prosperity

Eissenhower

Supreme Allied Commander in Europe during WWII

MacArthur

U.S. general in the Pacific during WWII

Huey Long

proposed the "Share Our Wealth" program, advocating wealth redistribution

John Keynes

economist who advocated for government spending to stimulate economic recovery, influencing New Deal policies

AI Capone

profited from illegal alcohol sales during Prohibition, convicted of tax evasion

Pancho Villa

mexican revolutionary leader who conducted raids into U.S., prompting military intervention

John J. Pershing

commander of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in WWI

Expeditionary Force

U.S. troops sent overseas (WWI + WWII), to fight in foreign conflicts

Eugene V. Debs

socialist leader, arrested under the Espionage Act (1917) for anti-war speeches

League of Women Voters

Founded by Carrie Chapman Catt, advocating for women's political participation after the 19th Amendment.

Henry Cabot Lodge

Republican senator who opposed Treaty of Versailles, preventing the U.S. from joining the League of Nations

Henry Ford

industrialist who revolutionized manufacturing with the assembly line, making automobiles affordable

Sacco and Vanzetti

Italian anarchists convicted of robbery and murder, highlighting anti-immigrant sentiment and bias in the justice system

George Gershwin

composer who blended jazz + classical music, known for Rhapsody in Blue

Eugene O’Neill

playwright famous for works

Gertrude Stein

modernist writer + mentor to "Lost Generation" writers like Hemingway and Fitzgerald

F. Scott Fitzgerald

author of The Great Gatsby, which criticized materialism

Sigmund Freud

introduced psychoanalysis, influencing modern views on human behavior and sexuality

Langston Hughes

leading poet of the Harlem Renaissance