HS 3 The Helping Process

Stages of Change

1. Precontemplation stage

2. Contemplation stage

3. Preparation stage

4. Action stage

5. Maintenance stage

It is important to assess an individual’s stage of change or

“readiness to change.”

In the transtheoretical model, behavior change is conceptualized as a process that evolves…

over time

it is therapeutically useful to meet clients wherever they are in the change process and facilitate a dialogue that will help them move forward. (T or F)

T

Helping clients examine the different sides of their ambivalence may increase their…

motivation to change

an expected part of the process ofchange, and view it as a resource in the helping process.​

ambivalence

The client has no intention of changing a behavior pattern in the foreseeable future.

Precontemplation stage

The client is aware of a problem and considering overcoming it but has not yet made a commitment to take action

Contemplation stage

The client intends to take action in the near future and reports some small behavioral changes

Preparation stage

The client take steps to modify his or her behavior, experiences, or environment to solve the problem. ​

Action stage

The client works to consolidate the gains made during the action stage and to prevent relapse.​

Maintenance stage

The emphasis is on making relatively quick assessments of clients’ problems and designing this is geared more to relief of problematic symptoms than to intensive self-exploration aimed at long-term behavioral change.​

Brief Interventions

A variety of time-sensitive, goal-directed, efficiency-oriented methods​

Brief Interventions

These methods can be incorporated in any theoretical approach​

Brief Interventions

Stages of Helping Process

Stage 1: Establishing a Working Relationship​
Stage 2: Identifying Clients’ Problems​
Stage 3: Collaboratively Creating Goals​
Stage 4: Encouraging Client Exploration & Taking Action​
Stage 5: Termination​

• The therapeutic relationship is the foundation for effective counseling, healing, growth, and change, and this has been increasingly recognized in the field. ​

Stage 1: Establishing a Working Relationship​

• A stage in working relationship in which clients can reveal their story, identify what they want to change, and attain a new method of dealing with their problems. ​

Stage 1: Establishing a Working Relationship

Learn to work with both voluntary and involuntary clients by developing…

trust, respect, safety and rapport.​

This is the foundation for effective counseling, healing, growth, and change, and this has been increasingly recognized in the field. ​

Therapeutic Relationship

• Learn to work with both voluntary and involuntary clients bydeveloping trust, respect, safety and rapport.​

Stage 1: Establishing a Working Relationship

Be nonjudgmental, genuine, empathic, accepting, and exhibiting unconditional positive regard. Show attention, active listening, and empathy

Stage 1: Establishing a Working Relationship

Educate clients about how to get the most from the helping relationship, addressing their questions, and clarifying their expectations are routes to ethical and effective practice

Stage 1: Establishing a Working Relationship​

• Gather information, conduct an assessment, identify the client’s problems and resources, and assist clients in setting goals.​

Stage 2: Identifying Clients’ Problems​

• Assist clients in identifying problem situations or missedopportunities for full development.​

Stage 2: Identifying Clients’ Problems​

• The helper’s role is not to identify the nature of clients’ problems butto assist them in doing this themselves. ​

Stage 2: Identifying Clients’ Problems​

• Clients may come to you not to resolve internal conflicts but to better understand and deal with external stressors in their environment.

Stage 2: Identifying Clients’ Problems​

The helper’s role is not to identify the nature of clients’ problems but…

to assist them in doing this themselves.

Assessment consists of (?) to identify themes for further exploration in the counseling process.​

Evaluating the relevant factors in a client’s life

• Assessment consists of evaluating the relevant factors in a client’s life to identify themes for further exploration in the counseling process.​

• Form tentative hypotheses, which you can share with your clients as the process evolves.​

• Describe behavior as they observe it and encourage clients to think about its meaning.​

• The use of assessment instruments can provide a broader picture of the person, and using instruments appropriately during the early phase of helping can identify substance abuse and trauma in a person’s life​

Conduct Initial Assessment​

The use of this can provide a broader picture of the person, and using instruments appropriately during the early phase of helping can identify substance abuse and trauma in a person’s life​

Assessment instruments

which you can share with your clients as the process evolves.​

tentative hypotheses

Describe behavior as they observe it and encourage clients to think about its…​

meaning

Identifying a pattern of sign/ symptoms that leads to a specific diagnosis described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder/ICD 11​

Diagnosis

it enables the therapist to plan treatments tailored to the special needs of the client.

Diagnosis

It can be viewed as a general descriptive statement identifying a client’s style of functioning.

Diagnosis

Thinking diagnostically is an…

Ongoing process

Identifying a pattern of sign/ symptoms that leads to a specific diagnosis described in…

the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder/ICD 11​

In diagnosis, what do we consider?

Consider biological, developmental and environmental factors.​

Once you have made a (?) of a client, you are in a position to make an appropriate referral if you do not have the competence to work in this problem area. ​

Diagnosis

• It is the helper’s role to assist clients in formulating meaningful goals. If clients hope to make changes, they have to be willing to go beyond talking and planning; they must translate their plans into action.​​

Stage 3: Collaboratively Creating Goals​

• Goals are desired outcomes of the helping process that are agreed upon by the helper and the client.

Stage 3: Collaboratively Creating Goals​

• Establishing, refining, and revising goals takes time and continued effort, but dong so will give direction to the helping process. ​

Stage 3: Collaboratively Creating Goals​

• It is important that these goals be measurable, be realistic in terms of the resources of the client, and be chosen by the client.​

Stage 3: Collaboratively Creating Goals​

are desired outcomes of the helping process that are agreed upon by the helper and the client. ​

Goals

important that these goals be…

measurable

be realistic in terms of the resources of the client

be chosen by the client.​

• It involves exploring alternatives, identifying strategies for action, choosing which combination of strategies will best meet the client’s goals, and putting these plans into a realistic action program.​​

Stage 4: Encouraging Client Exploration & Taking Action​

• Facilitate generalization and transfer of learning from the sessions to daily life.​

Stage 4: Encouraging Client Exploration & Taking Action​

• To work toward changing a client’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, it is generally necessary to explore alternatives and confront incongruities.

Stage 4: Encouraging Client Exploration & Taking Action​

• Confrontation (or challenging) and self-disclosure can further client self-exploration, lead to new insights, and encourage clients to take action to achieve their personal goals.​

Stage 4: Encouraging Client Exploration & Taking Action​

To work toward changing a client’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, it is generally necessary…

to explore alternatives and confront incongruities.​

can further client self-exploration, lead to new insights, and encourage clients to take action to achieve their personal goals.​

Confrontation (or challenging) and self-disclosure

A helper needs to acquire the (?) as a way to enable them to move forward.

skills of caring and gentle confrontation of clients’ behaviors

should not be viewed as aggressive or as destructive of a supportive relationship.

Confrontation

This process invites individuals to look at the discrepancies, incongruities, denials, distortions, excuses, defensive behaviors, and evasions that prevent them from taking action to change their lives.​

Confronting​

effectively entails focusing on their awareness of what they are thinking, feeling, and doing. In other words, you describe what you observe

Challenging Clients​

• is not intended to attack the defenses of clients; rather, it invites them to examine their problematic behaviors and keep moving toward more effective behavior.​

Confronting or Challenging Clients​

• You can invite clients to consider strengths they possess but may not be using. Emphasizing strengths is usually more fruitful than dwelling on weaknesses. ​Be specific: avoid sweeping judgments and focus on concrete behaviors. ​

Confronting or Challenging Clients​

Identifying and assessing action strategies​

• Assist clients in thinking of many possibilities to achieve their goals.​

• The process of creating and carrying out plans enables people to begin to gain effective control over their lives.​

• It must be specific, simple and easy to understand, attainable, immediate, controlled, focus on commitment and consistency.​

• Clients must be actively doing it.​

• Relapses are normal. Explore it in the next session.​

• Assist clients in maximizing the benefits from the helping relationship and deciding how they can continue the change process. ​​​​

Stage 5: Termination​

• Clients consolidate their learning and make long-range plans.

Stage 5: Termination​

• Prepare clients for this, to encourage them to express any feelings or thoughts about ending the relationship, to review what they have accomplished, and to identify and discuss future plans.

Stage 5: Termination​

• It is a result of a mutual decision by the client and the helper that the goals of the helping process have been accomplished. Provide clients with closure to their experience as well as a clear sense of what they need to do to continue this momentum in daily life.

Stage 5: Termination​