Organic Chemistry Chapter 3: Functional Groups and Intermolecular Forces

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards generated from Chapter 3 organic chemistry lecture notes covering functional groups, intermolecular forces, physical properties, solubility, and biomolecules.

A functional group is an atom or a group of atoms with characteristic __________ and physical properties.

chemical

Heteroatoms are structural features of functional groups defined as atoms other than carbon or __________.

hydrogen

Ethane has no reactive sites or functional groups because it contains only C—C and C—H __________ bonds.

$$\sigma$$

Compounds containing an —OH group attached to a carbon backbone are called __________.

alcohols

Hydrocarbons are compounds made up of only the elements carbon and __________.

hydrogen

The three subgroups of aliphatic hydrocarbons are alkanes, alkenes, and __________.

alkynes

The simplest aromatic hydrocarbon is __________.

benzene

The functional group present in alkyl halides is called a __________ group.

halo

The functional group $-OR$ found in ethers is called an __________ group.

alkoxy

The functional group $-SH$ present in thiols is called a __________ group.

mercapto

The polar C-O bond in a carbonyl group makes the carbonyl carbon an __________.

electrophile

The carboxylic acid functional group ($-COOH$) is known as a __________ group.

carboxy

Van der Waals forces are very weak intermolecular interactions also known as __________ forces.

London

__________ is a measure of how the electron cloud around an atom responds to changes in its electronic environment.

Polarizability

Dipole-dipole interactions are attractive forces between the __________ dipoles of two polar molecules.

permanent

The strongest type of intermolecular force present in covalent molecules is __________.

hydrogen bonding

For compounds with approximately the same molecular weight, stronger intermolecular forces result in a higher __________ point.

boiling

A compact, symmetrical molecule like __________ packs well into a crystalline lattice and has a much higher melting point than isopentane.

neopentane

An organic compound is water soluble only if it contains one polar functional group capable of hydrogen bonding for every __________ C atoms it contains.

5

Cholesterol is insoluble in water because its carbon skeleton contains __________ carbon atoms and only one OH group.

27

The nonpolar part of a molecule that is not attracted to $H_2O$ is referred to as __________.

hydrophobic

The polar part of a molecule that can hydrogen bond to $H_2O$ is referred to as __________.

hydrophilic

Vitamin A is also known as __________, which can be obtained from the conversion of $\beta$-carotene.

retinol

Vitamin C is chemically known as __________ acid.

ascorbic

Synthetic cyclic ethers that contain several oxygen atoms and bind specific cations based on cavity size are called __________.

crown ethers

In chemical reactivity, electron-rich sites called nucleophiles react with electron-poor sites called __________.

electrophiles