Formation and Properties of Ionic Compounds

Octet Rule

Atoms gain, lose, or share electrons for full outer shell.

Chemical Formula

Representation showing the ratio of ions in a compound.

Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

Example of ionic compound formed by Na⁺ and Cl⁻.

Calcium Nitrate (Ca(NO₃)₂)

Contains calcium ion (Ca²⁺) and nitrate ion (NO₃⁻).

Electron Transfer

Process where metals donate electrons to nonmetals.

Group 1 Elements

Typically form +1 cations due to one valence electron.

Group 2 Elements

Typically form +2 cations due to two valence electrons.

Common Ionic Charges

Group 1: +1, Group 2: +2, Group 15: -3.

Lewis Structure for NaCl

Na• → Na⁺ + ••Cl•• → Cl⁻ shows electron transfer.

Balancing Charges

Ensuring total positive equals total negative for neutrality.

Molecular Compounds

Formed by sharing electrons, typically between nonmetals.

Conductivity of Ionic Compounds

Conduct electricity when dissolved in water or molten.

Drawing Lewis Structures

Skill to represent valence electrons for bonding analysis.

Naming Conventions

Name metal first, then nonmetal with '-ide' suffix.

Example of MgO

Mg donates two electrons to oxygen, forming Mg²⁺ and O²⁻.

Key Processes in Ionic Bonding

Include electron transfer, writing formulas, and naming compounds.

Ionic Compounds

Formed by electron transfer from metals to nonmetals.

Cations

Positively charged ions formed from electron loss.

Anions

Negatively charged ions formed from electron gain.

Ionic Lattice Structure

Stable arrangement of cations and anions in solids.

Lattice Energy

Energy released when gaseous ions form solid ionic compounds.

Electronegativity

Tendency of an atom to attract electrons in bonding.

Valence Electrons

Outermost electrons determining bonding behavior of atoms.

Lewis Dot Structures

Diagrams showing valence electrons around an atom's symbol.

Crisscross Method

Technique to determine subscripts in ionic formulas.

Polyatomic Ions

Ions composed of multiple atoms acting as a single unit.

Transition Metals

Metals requiring Roman numerals to indicate oxidation states.

Naming Ionic Compounds

Involves naming cation followed by anion or polyatomic ion.