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what are some common medications that have an associated risk for induction/exacerbation of psoriasis?

beta blockers, lithium, nsaids, antimalarials, fluoxetine, corticosteroid withdrawal

what are the moderate and high potency topical steroids?

augmented betamethasone dipropionate 0.05%, betamethasone dipropionate 0.05%, betamethasone valerate 0.1-0.12%, fluocinolone acetonide 0.01-0.025%, fluocinonide 0.05, fluticasone propionate 0.005-0.05%, hydrocortisone valerate 0.2%, mometasone furoate 0.1%, triamcinolone acetonide 0.025-0.5%

what type of rosacea involves flushing in the center of the face that is easily irritated?

erythematotelangiectatic

what type of rosacea involves persistent redness with transient papules/pustules?

papulopustular

what type of rosacea involves skin thickening and rhinophyma?

phytamous

what type of rosacea involves watery, bloodshot eyes?

ocular

what are some common medications that have an associated risk for photosensitivity?

quinolones, bactrim, doxycycline, furosemide, thiazides, chlorhexidine, hexachlorophene, coal tar

which skin layer includes the moisture film with perspiration, water, sebum, and lipids?

hydrolipid film

which skin layer prevents moisture evaporation?

intercellular lipids

which skin layer is a type of keratinocyte and is regularly replaced?

corenocytes

which skin layer is the primary epidermal cell that produces keratin and is key for skin repair?

keratinocytes

what are some appropriate skin protectants that prevent burns in photosensitive reactions in adults?

avoid sun, protective clothing, sunscreen, protective supplements

with an acute wound, what is something to look for to prevent infection?

tetanus vaccine history

when should antibiotics be administered prior to a surgical incision?

60 minutes

antibiotics for surgery should be given for no longer than....

24 hours

in what phase does healing stall in chronic wounds?

inflammatory

chronic wounds can be caused by what pharmacologic agents?

hydroxyurea, chemo, corticosteroids

compression is recommended for _________________ (arterial or venous) wounds

venous

DRESS is typically caused by...

allopurinol, anti-infectives, anti-epileptics, NSAIDs

both TEN and DRESS are...

dermatologic emergencies

long-term effects for TEN include...

GI obstruction, lung effects

what are some exclusions for self-treatment for atopic dermatitis?

involvement of face or skin folds, infected skin, < 1 years of age, large body area, moderate-severe condition w/ intense pruritis

what is the first line treatment for atopic dermatitis?

topical corticosteroids

what is the first line treatment for acne?

OTC/non-pharm interventions

what are some appropriate OTC therapies for acne?

benzoyl peroxide, topical retinoids

what are some appropriate therapies for moderate-severe acne?

oral antibiotics, isotretinoin, combined oral contraceptives

AEs of oral isotretinoin include...

dryness, photosensitivity, elevated AST/ALT, TG, arthralgia, hair thinning, mental; category X

NIX should be used in patients 2 _______________ of age and up

months

RID should be used in patients 2 ________________ of age and up

years

RID is for __________________ lice(s)

head, pubic

NIX is for ___________________ lice(s)

head

what types of lice are self-treatable?

head, pubic

what types of warts can be self-treated?

common, plantar

what wart patients should be referred to a podiatrist?

diabetics

what are treatment options for common/plantar warts?

cryotherapy, salacylic acid

what are some risk factors for allergic rhinitis?

genetic predisposition, birth during pollen season, first-born, male, higher socioeconomic class, early antibiotic exposure, maternal smoking, indoor allergen exposure, serum IgE > 100 IU/mL before age 6, allergen-specific IgE

allergic rhinitis is an ____________________________, ______________________, ________________________ hypersensitivity immune response mediated by IgE antibodies

adaptive, humoral, Type I immediate

_____________________ to an allergen occurs after initial exposure

sensitization

antigen-specific ________ is produced after sensitization and attached to mast cells

IgE

subsequent allergen exposure following sensitization triggers mast cell _________________________

degranulation

what three substances cause allergy symptoms?

histamine, leukotrienes, inflammatory cytokines

what are the preferred glucocorticoid agents for allergic rhinitis?

fluticasone, mometasone, ciclesonide

__________________ is a mast cell stabilizer and is less effective than glucocorticoids

cromolyn sodium

_____-generation antihistamines are preferred in most patients

second

what allergic rhinitis therapy should be used first in older adults?

steroid nasal sprays

what is the first line option for allergic rhinitis in pregnant patients?

avoidance

___________________________ desensitizes overactive allergic response by exposing immune system to successively larger doses of allergen and produces a lasting effect

specific immunotherapy

adverse drug reactions can be further classified as drug ___________________ and_______________ reactions

hypersensitivity, allergic

immunologic drug hypersensitivity reactions are classified by the ______________________ system

Gell and Coombs

non-immunologic reactions can be classified as ______________________ and ________________________

predictable, non-predictable

epinephrine is dosed at _______________

0.01 mg/kg

epinephrine may be repeated every ________________ in the setting of an anaphylactic reaction

5-15 minutes

cephalosporins and PCNs __________________ (may or may not) be able to be taken together

may

if a drug is critically important to treat a disease state, __________________ would be most useful for a patient with a confirmed IgE-mediated reaction

rapid drug desensitization

induction of tolerance or desensitization protocols result in __________________________

temporary tolerace

pharmacists play an important role in drug desensitization by...

preparing stock solution, labeling, ensuring pre-medication is used at appropriate times

chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs

systemic lupus erythematosus

a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of various parts of the body

lupus

cutaneous lupus is limited to the skin; evidenced by a characteristic rash, especially on the face, neck, and scalp; treatments include...

topical steroids, vitamin D

lupus nephritis is a serious complication of lupus that commonly presents with CV effects; treatments include...

statins, ACEis, ARBs

neurologic lupus is inflammation related to the central, peripheral, or autonomic nervous systems; treatments include...

anticonvulsants, antidepressants

the pathophysiology of lupus includes activation of the...

complement cascade

the immune/inflammatory response for lupus causes the formation of ___________________that attack healthy tissue

autoantibodies

the primary treatment goal for lupus is...

remission

non-pharm treatments for lupus include...

social support, sun protection, smoking cessation, exercise, weight control, counseling

drug induced lupus can be caused by...

procainamide, hydralazine

what medication is the cornerstone of lupus treatment?

hydroxychloroquine

the majority of organ donations are from __________________ donors

cadaveric

the leading diagnosis for kidney transplants is...

diabetes

the leading diagnosis for liver transplants is...

alcoholic liver disease

the leading diagnosis for heart transplants is...

cardiomyopathy

the leading diagnosis for lung transplants is...

restrictive lung disease

pre-transplant screenings include...

blood typing, HLA matching, crossmatching

what are risk factors for higher reactivity for panel reactive antibody testing?

prior pregnancies, prior transplant, prior blood transfusions

hyperacute rejection presents within ______________ of transplants

minutes

acute cellular rejection occurs within ________________ following transplants

months

acute cellular rejection in the kidney is characterized by...

abrupt rise in SCr

acute cellular rejection in the liver is characterized by...

increased bilirubin/transaminases

acute cellular rejection in the lungs is characterized by...

eosinophilia, lyphocytosis

acute cellular rejection in the heart is typically...

asymptomatic

antibody mediated rejection is characterized by...

microvascular injury

chronic rejection is a major cause of...

graft loss

chronic rejection is ________________________ (reversible or irreversible) with current therapy

irreversible

chronic rejection of kidney transplants is characterized by...

hypertension, proteinuria, progressive decline in kidney function

chronic rejection of liver transplants is characterized by...

obliterative arteriopathy, gradual loss of bile ducts

chronic rejection of heart transplants are characterized by accelerated intimal thickening and is treated with...

statins

chronic rejection of lung transplant is characterized by...

FEV1 reduction by > 20%

the primary goal of immunosuppressive therapy is to...

prevent graft rejection

inductive immunosuppressive therapy includes

antibody therapy, corticosteroids

antibody therapy for transplants

antithymocyte globulin, alemtuzumab, basiliximab

corticosteroids for transplants

methylprednisolone

maintenance immunosuppressive therapy includes...

corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibits, antimetabolites, mTOR inhibitors

calcineurin inhibitors

cyclosporine, tacrolimus

co-stimulatory inhibitor

belatacept

antimetabolites

azathioprine, mycophenolate

mTOR inhibitors

sirolimus, everolimus