Unit 5: Solutions Study Guide

Flashcards based on key concepts from the chemistry lecture on solutions.

What is a solution?

A homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.

What are the components of a solution?

The solute (substance dissolved) and the solvent (substance that dissolves the solute).

What does it mean for substances to be miscible?

Miscible substances can mix in all proportions, such as alcohol and water.

What does it mean for substances to be immiscible?

Immiscible substances do not mix, such as oil and water.

Define saturated solution.

A solution that contains the maximum concentration of a solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature.

Define supersaturated solution.

A solution that contains more solute than can typically be dissolved at a given temperature.

Why can electrolyte solutions conduct electricity?

They contain ions that are free to move and carry electrical charge.

What factors increase the solubility of a solid in water?

Increasing temperature or stirring the solution.

What is the difference between dilute and concentrated solutions?

Dilute solutions contain a small amount of solute relative to the solvent, while concentrated solutions contain a large amount of solute.

What is the equation for calculating molarity?

M = n/V, where M is molarity, n is the number of moles of solute, and V is the volume of solution in liters.

What do M1 and M2 represent in the dilution equation?

M1 is the molarity of the concentrated solution, and M2 is the molarity of the diluted solution.

How do you calculate the molarity of a solution containing 2.75 g BaCl2 in 125 mL of water?

M = 0.0132 mol / 0.125 L = 0.106 M.

How many kilograms of KNO3 are in an 85.0 mL of a 0.0500 M solution?

4.30 × 10^-4 kg of KNO3.

How do you prepare a dilute solution from a concentrated one?

Use the equation M1V1 = M2V2 to find the volume of stock solution needed, then add water to reach the desired total volume.