Quantitative Chemistry Practice Flashcards

A collection of vocabulary terms and definitions covering metric units, prefixes, nomenclature, and the mole concept based on Quantitative Chemistry lecture notes.

Scientific Notation

A way of representing numbers using the form $A \times 10^y$, where $A$ is a decimal number between 1 and 10 and $y$ is a whole number.

Ampere (A)

The SI unit used to measure electric current.

Kelvin (K)

The SI unit used to measure temperature.

Mole (mol)

The SI unit used to measure the amount of a substance, representing $6.02 \times 10^{23}$ representative particles.

Candela (cd)

The SI unit used to measure luminous intensity.

Mega- (M)

A metric prefix representing a factor of $1,000,000$ or $10^6$.

Micro- (\mu)

A metric prefix representing a factor of $1/1,000,000$ or $10^{-6}$.

Nano- (n)

A metric prefix representing a factor of $1/1,000,000,000$ or $10^{-9}$.

Accuracy

A measure of how close a specific measurement is to the actual or true value.

Precision

The degree to which the same measurement is obtained each time a procedure is repeated.

Significant Figures

The number of digits in a measurement that include all known digits plus the first estimated digit.

Diatomic Molecules

Elements found in nature as two-atom molecules, specifically $H_2$, $N_2$, $O_2$, $F_2$, $Cl_2$, $Br_2$, and $I_2$.

Binary Ionic Compounds

Compounds composed of a metal and a non-metal, where the metal name is followed by the non-metal ending in "-ide".

Polyatomic Ion

An ion composed of more than one atom that are covalently bonded to each other.

Binary Covalent Compound

A molecular compound composed of two non-metal elements, using prefixes to identify the number of atoms of each element.

Binary Acids

Covalent compounds containing hydrogen named with the prefix "hydro-" and the suffix "-ic" (e.g., $HCl$ is hydrochloric acid).

Oxyacids

Acids containing oxygen ($H_aX_bO_c$); names ending in "-ic" represent the standard form, while "-ous" indicates one less oxygen atom.

Hydrated Compounds

Ionic compounds that include specific numbers of water molecules in their structure, indicated by ".nH_2O".

Anhydrous

A term describing an ionic compound that exists without its associated water molecules.

Avogadro’s Number ($N_A$)

The constant representing the number of particles in one mole, equal to $6.02 \times 10^{23}$.

Molar Mass ($M$)

The total atomic mass of a substance in grams per mole, expressed in the unit $g\,mol^{-1}$.

Molecular Mass

The molar mass of a molecule, expressed as a value without units.

Formula Mass

The molar mass of an ionic compound, expressed as a value without units.