Management Principles and Motivation Theories

These flashcards cover essential management concepts and motivation theories based on the lecture notes.

Management

Achieving the goals of an organization through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling resources.

Planning

Determining organizational goals and action plans for how to achieve those goals.

Organizing

Determining a structure for both individual jobs and the overall organization.

Leading

Directing and motivating people to achieve organizational goals.

Controlling

Monitoring performance and making adjustments as needed.

Top Management

Sets the overall direction of the firm, articulating a vision, establishing priorities, and allocating resources.

Middle Management

Supervise lower-level managers and report to a higher-level manager.

First-Line Management

Directly supervise nonmanagement employees.

Technical Skills

Expertise in a specific functional area or department.

Human Skills

The ability to work effectively with and through other people.

Conceptual Skills

Ability to grasp the big-picture view of the overall organization.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory

A motivation theory that suggests human needs fall into a hierarchy.

Theory X

An authoritarian leadership style with tight control and limited development.

Theory Y

A liberating and developmental style that empowers and enables employees.

Job Enrichment

Creation of jobs with meaningful content to motivate employees.

Expectancy Theory

Motivation theory concerning the relationship among individual effort, performance, and reward.

Equity Theory

Proposes that perceptions of fairness directly affect worker motivation.

Two-Factor Theory

Suggests that motivators account for individual motivation.

Goal-Setting Theory

States that setting difficult yet achievable goals is a significant motivator.

Strategic Planning

High-level, long-term planning establishing a vision for the company.

Tactical Planning

More specific, shorter-term planning that applies strategic plans to functional areas.

Operational Planning

Very specific, short-term planning for daily, weekly, and monthly operations.

Contingency Planning

Planning for unexpected events involving various scenarios.

Centralization

Extent to which decision-making power is held by a few at the top.

Span of Control

Refers to the number of people a manager supervises.

Departmentalization

Division of work into logical groups.

Autocratic Leaders

Hoard decision-making power and issue orders without consulting followers.

Democratic Leaders

Share power with their followers.

Free-Rein Leaders

Set objectives for followers while allowing freedom in accomplishing them.

Control Process

Establishing standards, measuring performance, and taking corrective action.