reproductive system diseases

Candidiasis

• Vaginal itching, burning with urination, white vaginal discharge

  Often called a “yeast infection”

• Overgrowth of the fungal micro-organism Candida albicans

• Testing of vaginal discharge

• Over-the-counter or prescription medications

Ectopic pregnancy

• Abdominal or pelvic pain with light bleeding, severe pain and bleeding are symptoms of emergent condition.

• Zygote implantation in an area other than the uterine wall, most commonly in the uterine tubes

• Physical examination, blood tests, and ultrasound

• Termination of the pregnancy, as it is not viable and can rupture the uterine tube if allowed to develop far enough, which would require surgery

Endometriosis

• Pelvic pain with menstruation, pain with intercours, pain with bowel movements and urination, infertility

• Occurs when pieces of endometrial tissue grow outside of the uterine lining, typically on the ovaries, intestines, or pelvic wall

• Pelvic examination, ultrasound, and laparoscopy

• Pain medication, hormone therapy, or laparoscopic surgery

Genital herpes

• Pain, itching, and sores in the genital area, flu-like symptoms upon initial infection

• Caused by the herpes simplex virus spread through sexual contact

• Visual examination of sores, testing of sample from the sores

• Incurable, Medications, typically antivirals, can prevent or shorten outbreaks

Inguinal hernia

• Bulging in the groin area accompanied by an aching sensation, pain with lifting, coughing, or movement, weakness, or pressure in the groin

• A portion of the intestines protrudes thought a weak point of the abdominal wall.

• Physical examination

• If no symptoms, treatment is not indicated. Surgery to repair the hernia if symptoms present

Cryptorchidism

• Undescended testicles, when they fail to drop into the normal place of the scrotum

• Some cases are unknown, others may be due to structural abnormalities, or there may be a mechanical problem.

• Found when conducting a physical examination

• The spermatic cord needs to be untwisted to restore blood supply. Patients need to see a urologist, and surgery is necessary to correct.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

• Enlargement of the prostate Common later in life Can cause uncomfortable urinary symptoms, urinary tract infections, or kidney problems

• Causes are unknown but are believed to be linked to hormonal changes

• Digital rectal examination, urine test, or prostate specific antigen test

• Transurethral resection of the prostate