INTRODUCTION (1ST)

Pharmacist

dispense medication, manufacture, analyze, store, and distribute drugs; most reachable healthcare professionals in the public, are tasked to provide medication information to the patient – given information should be done efficiently with safety towards the patient.

RA 5921

According to this law, a pharmacy is a place or establishment where drugs, chemical products, active principle of drugs, pharmaceuticals, proprietary medicines, or pharmaceuticals specialties, devices, and poisons are sold and retailed  and where medical, dental, veterinary prescription are compounded.

RA 10918

It is a law which expands the role of pharmacist in healthcare system.

Pharmaceutical care

Its the responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcome that improves the patient’s quality of life.

Aim to cure the disease
Elimination or reduction of symptoms
Arrest or slowing down the disease process
Prevention of disease or symptoms

Goals of Pharmaceutical Care

- Shall be deemed to be practicing pharmacy who shall forfeit salary, percentage or other reward paid or given directly to you or indirectly to another.

- Prepare or manufacture analyze assay, reserve, store, distribute, or said any medicine, drug chemicals, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, devices of contrivances use in pursuance thereof.

-Render pharmaceutical service in any office or drug establishment where scientific technological or professional knowledge of pharmacy is applied.

- Engage in teaching scientific technological or professional pharmacy  subject in college of Pharmacy.

- Conduct or undertaking scientific investigation/ pharmaceutical research.

HOW CAN YOU DETERMINE IF THE PROFESSIONAL IS A PHARMACIST?

Patient- Centered Focus

PARADIGM SHIFT IN THE PRACTICE OF PHARMACY
Past: Drug Product Base

Evidence- Based Practice

PARADIGM SHIFT IN THE PRACTICE OF PHARMACY
Past: Perception Base

Medical & Pharmaceutical Diagnoses

PARADIGM SHIFT IN THE PRACTICE OF PHARMACY
Past: Medical Diagnosed

Using technology in almost all aspect of work

PARADIGM SHIFT IN THE PRACTICE OF PHARMACY
Past: Limited technology

Informatics

One of the underlying themes in health care evolution is the use of computers & technology to enhance patient care, known collectively as?

Informatics

Is the study of the best practices in information accrual, handling, dissemination, and comprehension using appropriate technology.
Note:
Study of collection or gathering of information, categorize and distribute data, particularly scientific evidence based data.

Pharmacoinformatics

Pharmacy Informatics is also known as?

Pharmacy Informatics

- Deals with the subset of informatics that is relevant to the practice of pharmacy.
- Important subset in informatics in which the pharmacist uses their knowledge of information systems and medication views processes to improve patient care by ensuring the new technology would lead to safer and more medication use.
Note:
Combination of drug knowledge and information system.

Toxicological Information
Clinical Information
Drug Information
Informatics

Combinations of Pharmacy Informatics

Pharmacy Informatics

- Pharmacy specialty dealing with pharmacy computerization.
- It Integrates drug information, medication use processes, clinical information and toxicological information for use of pharmacists, health care providers and patients.

Medical Informatics
Bioinformatics

PHARMACY INFORMATICS INTERSECTS WITH 2 OTHER SUBDISCIPLINE OF INFORMATION SCIENCE:

Medical Informatics

Concern with the analysis, use, and dissemination of medical knowledge and information through the act of information science and technology towards aspect of health care and medicine to improve quality of care and health system performance.
Note:
Health Records and Clinical Information

Bioinformatics

Scientific discipline encompasses all aspects of biologic information acquisition, processing, storage, distribution, analysis, interpretation that combines the tools and technology of mathematics, computer science, and biology with the aim of understanding the biologic significance of a variety of data
Note:
Biology and Genetics

Telemedicine was pioneered by connecting Capital Avenue Drugstore with local area physicians using an early version of the modern telephone.

HISTORY OF PHARMACY INFORMATICS
Late 1800’s

With the advent of the computer , the profession of pharmacy again utilized new technology to enhance the way pharmacists contributed to patient care by using the computer for drug utilization studies and identification of drug-drug interactions.

HISTORY OF PHARMACY INFORMATICS
1960’s

Concept of medical informatics began to appear as computer system, more prevalent in pharmacies and healthcare in general.

HISTORY OF PHARMACY INFORMATICS
1970’s

First formalize structural framework of medical informatics was introduced along with the early guide principles of the practice of  medical informatics.

HISTORY OF PHARMACY INFORMATICS
1980’s

First research relating to pharmacy informatics was published in both in-patient and out-patient setting.

HISTORY OF PHARMACY INFORMATICS
1990’s

- Pharmacy informatics involves broad collaboration between pharmacist, pharmacy technicians, physicians, nurses, IT personnel and other health care professionals.

- The collection, analysis and sharing of data helps pharmacists in other members of the healthcare team to make the appropriate decisions regarding use of pharmaceutical treatment to enhance patient care.

How does pharmacy informatics improve patient care?

- Knowledgeable about both pharmacy practice and informatics
- Has the ability to look at both the big picture and the individual details and process

An informatics pharmacist is a dual specialist:

Data Information and Knowledge Managing
Information and Knowledge Delivering
Practice Healthcare Analytics
Clinical Informatics
Leading and Managing Change

The American Society of Hospital Pharmacists issued a practice document called “Statement on the pharmacist role in informatics which reaffirmed the responsibilities of pharmacist and pharmacy informaticist in healthcare informatics.

The Society outlines five role areas of responsibility for this role:

Support for Clinical Services
Pharmacy and Therapeutics
Publications
Educations
Drug Dosage Evaluation
Investigational Drug Research
Coordination of Reporting Programs
Poison information

APPLICATION OF PHARMACY INFORMATICS

Drug Information

Current, critically examined, relevant data about drug and drug use in the given patient or situation.

Drug Information Center

- Area separated from the pharmacy dedicated to drug information.
- A source of selected comprehensive drug information for staff physicians and dentists to evaluate and compare drugs.

Note:
For research and answering drug-related questions.

Current
- Most Recent (Up-To-Date Sources)

Critically examined or reviewed
- More than 1 source should be used when appropriate
- Extent of agreement of sources should be determined
- The plausibility of information based on clinical circumstances, should also be determined

Relevant Data
- Presented in a manner that applies directly to the circumstances under consideration.

CRITERIA FOR A GOOF DRUG INFORMATION

Access
Search
Information Retrieval
Evaluation
Selection
Organization
Database Development

SKILLS NEEDED TO GATHER RELEVANT INFORMATION

Access

SKILLS NEEDED TO GATHER RELEVANT INFORMATION
Within reach; availability of researches for use ; familiarity when it comes to reliable sources (Ex: Elsevier)

Search

SKILLS NEEDED TO GATHER RELEVANT INFORMATION
The ability to look for information; Boolean searching (narrow down  info's)

Information Retrieval

SKILLS NEEDED TO GATHER RELEVANT INFORMATION
The ability to get the information needed. The use of keywords, synonyms, or related words (to widen the search on certain topic)

Evaluation

SKILLS NEEDED TO GATHER RELEVANT INFORMATION
Ability to determine the relevance and the quality of information  retrieved.

Selection

SKILLS NEEDED TO GATHER RELEVANT INFORMATION
Choose of best information available; rational decision making whether to exclude or include certain information

Organization

SKILLS NEEDED TO GATHER RELEVANT INFORMATION
The ability to integrate the information gathered logically which includes writing, technical skills, logical thinking

Database Development

SKILLS NEEDED TO GATHER RELEVANT INFORMATION
How you organize information you gathered.

Answering Queries
Current Awareness
Competitor Analysis
Patient Information
Pharmacovigilance
Supporting Documents or Evidences

APPLICATION TO PHARMACY

Adverse Drug Effects
Integration of New Technologies
Evidence Based Management and Drug Policy Development
Sophistication of Medication Therapy
Self- Care Movement

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EVOLUTION OF PHARMACISTS ROLES AS A MEDICATION INFORMATION PROVIDER

Adverse Drug Effects

Injury resulting from medical intervention related to a drug, which can be attributable to preventable or non-preventable causes

Integration of New Technologies

WWW (world wide web) make it possible to share and access information anywhere and anytime

Evidence Based Management and Drug Policy Development

An approach to practice and teaching that integrates current clinical research evidence with pathophysiological rationale, professional expertise, and patient preferences to make decisions for a population.

Sophistication of Medication Therapy

Intent toward individualization of health care using DNA profiling to determine potential drug integrity.

Self-Care Movement

Direct to consumer advertising campaign; no safeguard on quality of the internet formulation