Chapter 8 - The Appendicular Skeleton

Clavicle

collarbone; like a bridge between your shoulder and chest

Scapula

shoulder blade; like a flat wing on your back

Acromion

top edge of the scapula; like a roof over your shoulder joint

Coracoid process

hook-like part of scapula; like a crow's beak sticking out

Glenoid cavity

shallow socket on scapula; like a golf tee for the arm bone

Spine (of scapula)

ridge on back of scapula; like a dividing ridge

Supraspinous fossa

dip above the scapular spine; like a shelf

Humerus

upper arm bone; like the main support pole of your arm

Head (of humerus)

round top part; like a ball for the shoulder socket

Lesser tubercle

small bump near humerus head; muscle attachment site

Greater tubercle

larger bump; another muscle anchor

Intertubercular sulcus

groove between tubercles; guides a tendon

Deltoid tuberosity

rough spot mid-humerus; where deltoid muscle grabs

Lateral epicondyle

outer lower humerus bump; near your elbow

Medial epicondyle

inner lower humerus bump; often felt at your funny bone

Acromioclavicular joint

where clavicle meets acromion; shoulder roof joint

Sternoclavicular joint

where clavicle meets sternum; center chest joint

Glenohumeral joint

shoulder joint; main ball-and-socket for arm movement

Ulna

inner forearm bone; on pinky side

Coronoid process

front part of ulna near elbow; like a small pointy cap

Olecranon

tip of elbow; like the hook that forms your elbow bump

Radius

outer forearm bone; on thumb side, rotates

Head (of radius)

flat top; spins like a wheel on the ulna

Neck (of radius)

narrow part under the head

Radial tuberosity

bump where biceps attach

Styloid process

pointy end at wrist; helps stabilize joint

Proximal radioulnar joint

where radius and ulna meet near elbow

Interosseous membrane

sheet connecting radius and ulna; like a ligament bridge

Distal radioulnar joint

radius and ulna meet near wrist

Carpals

wrist bones; like a cluster of pebbles for flexible movement

Metacarpals

palm bones; like beams in your hand

Base (metacarpal)

end closest to wrist

Shaft (metacarpal)

middle part

Head (metacarpal)

knuckle end

Phalanges

finger bones

Proximal phalanges

closest finger bones to palm

Middle phalanges

center finger bones (none in thumb)

Distal phalanges

fingertip bones

Radiocarpal joint

wrist joint where radius meets carpals

Intercarpal joints

joints between wrist bones

Carpometacarpal joints

where wrist meets palm bones

Metacarpophalangeal joints

knuckles; where fingers meet hand

Interphalangeal joints

between finger bones; allow bending

Coxal (hip) bone

big pelvis bone; like a basin or bowl

Sacrum

triangle bone at spine base; connects spine to pelvis

Sacroiliac joints

where sacrum meets ilium; back part of pelvis

Ilium

large upper part of hip; what you feel when you put hands on hips

Acetabulum

hip socket; where the femur plugs in

Iliac crest

top edge of ilium; the 'hip bone' ridge

Iliac fossa

inner surface of ilium; shallow curved surface

Ischium

lower rear part; the bone you sit on

Ischial spine

small point above ischial tuberosity

Ischial tuberosity

bumpy area you sit on

Pubis

front part of pelvis

Pubic symphysis

cartilage joint in front of pelvis

False pelvis

upper, wider part of pelvis; supports abdominal organs

True pelvis

lower, narrow part; surrounds birth canal

Male and female pelvis

female pelvis is wider and shallower for childbirth

Femur

thigh bone; longest and strongest bone

Head (of femur)

round top; fits into hip socket

Neck (of femur)

connects head to shaft

Greater trochanter

large bump for hip muscle attachment

Lesser trochanter

smaller bump below neck

Linea aspera

ridge on back of femur for muscle attachment

Medial condyle

inner lower end of femur; part of knee joint

Lateral condyle

outer lower end of femur

Patella

kneecap; protects knee joint

Tibia

shin bone; big lower leg bone that bears weight

Lateral condyle (tibia)

outer top part that joins femur

Medial condyle (tibia)

inner top part that joins femur

Tibial tuberosity

bump on front where patellar tendon attaches

Fibula

thin leg bone on outer side; supports muscles, not weight

Tibiofemoral joint

knee joint

Proximal tibiofibular joint

top joint between tibia and fibula

Distal tibiofibular joint

bottom joint between tibia and fibula

Talocrural joint

ankle joint; where tibia/fibula meet talus

Tarsals

ankle bones; like small rocks giving flexibility

Calcaneus

heel bone; biggest tarsal

Talus

top ankle bone that holds weight from leg

Navicular

boat-shaped bone in front of talus

Metatarsals

foot bones between ankle and toes

Base (metatarsal)

closest to ankle

Shaft (metatarsal)

middle part

Head (metatarsal)

part that forms ball of foot

Intertarsal joints

between tarsal bones

Tarsometatarsal joints

between ankle and foot bones

Metatarsophalangeal joints

between foot bones and toes