Conventional Plant Breeding Methods

This set of flashcards covers key terms and their definitions from the lecture on conventional plant breeding methods.

Cultivar

A variety of plant that has been produced in cultivation by selective breeding.

Pure-line cultivars

Cultivars developed from self-pollinated species that are homogeneous and homozygous in genetic structure.

Open-pollinated cultivars

Cultivars developed from cross-pollinated species that are genetically heterogeneous and heterozygous.

Hybrid vigor

The improved or increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring.

Heterosis

The phenomenon where hybrid offspring perform better than their parents.

Clonal cultivars

Plants propagated from vegetative parts, producing offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

Apomictic cultivars

Cultivars that produce seeds without fertilization, resulting in offspring genetically identical to the mother plant.

Domestication

The process by which genetic changes in wild plants are brought about through selection by humans.

Primary Introduction

The direct cultivation of plants introduced to a new environment without alteration in the genotype.

Secondary Introduction

The introduction of a new variety that undergoes selection or hybridization to improve traits.

Mass selection

Selection based on phenotypes from a diverse population aimed at improving population characteristics.

Pedigree selection

A breeding method that involves keeping records of the ancestry of the cultivars to track traits.

Backcross breeding

A breeding technique for refining certain traits by crossing back to the original parent.

Multiline breeding

A breeding method using a mixture of cultivars or lines to enhance disease resistance.

Mutation breeding

The process of inducing mutations to create new genetic variations in crops.

Polyploidy breeding

Breeding that involves organisms with more than two sets of chromosomes to enhance certain traits.

Haploidy breeding

A method used to develop pure lines and inbred lines through the use of haploid cells.