The American Journey (Chapter 1 Quizlet)

Aztec Ruler

Moctezuma.

Hernan Cortes

Spanish conquistador who is known for bringing down the Aztec Empire.

Aztec Empire

Warrior people. Located in Mexico. Built a great empire that controlled much of Mesoamerica.

Tenochititlan

Capital of the Aztecs.

Paleo-Indians

First people to arrive in North America by taking a land bridge.

Archaic period

Between 8000 B.C. to 1500 B.C.

Maize

Native word for corn.

Mesoamerica

The birthplace of agriculture in North America. Expanded from central Mexico into Central America.

Olmecs

Mesoamerican people who lived around 1200 B.C.

Mayan

Civilization that reached its greatest glory between A.D. 150 and 900 in southern Yucatan. Created Mesoamerica's most advanced writing and calendrical system. Teotihuacan was the capital.

Toltecs

Warrior people. Dominated central Mexico from about 900 to 1100.

Hohokams

People who lived in Arizona around 300 B.C. Disappeared mysteriously around 1450.

Anasazis

Settled where the borders of present-day Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico meet. Lived in villages on mesas or canyon floors. Around 1200, carved multistory houses into canyon walls.

Pueblo (Hopi and Zunis)

Descendants of the Anasazis. In 1492, many lived in large communal dwellings in permanent villages.

Plain Indians

People who settled in the Great Plains.

Mississippian

People who lived in the Mississippi Valley. Established Cahokia, located on the Mississippi River across from present-day. St.Louis. Central figure was a 100-foot-mound.

Caribbean Islanders

People whom Columbus first encountered.

Religious Misunderstandings

Europeans trying to convert natives into Christianity. Natives are not acceptant of the religion.

1492

Year when Columbus arrived in the New World.

Timbuktu

One of the greatest cities in West Africa. Located on the Niger River, was the seat of the powerful Songhai empire ruled by Sunni Ali.

Patrilineal

Families reliant on males.

Matrilineal

Families reliant on females.

Islam

Introduced by Muslims. Timbuktu and Djenne became centers of Islamic learning.

Slavery

What Portugal used to gain wealth through its monopoly in Africa.

Hundred Years' War

War that lasted between 1337 and 1453

Black Death

Epidemic that killed around a third of all Europeans between 1547 and 1351.

Renaissance

A rebirth of interest in the classical civilization of ancient Greece and Rome. Began in Italy around 1350 and lasted to about 1400.

Hierarchy

System where the population was divided into rigid classes based on authority, wealth, and status.

Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain

King and Queen of Spain on the "Eve of Discovery".

Louis XI

King of France on the "Eve of Discovery".

Henry VII

King of England on the "Eve of Discovery".

Reconquista

Reconquest of territory from Muslim control.

Catholic Christianity

The original religion of western Europe.

Catholic Church

Church that lead the Catholic religion. Wealthy and powerful.

Pope

Spiritual leader with enormous power.

Martin Luther (German Monk)

Criticized the Catholic Church and eventually inspired a challenge to the church called the Reformation in 1517.

Reformation

Challenge to the Catholic Church in 1517. Eventually fractured Europe's religious unity. Caused a century of warfare.

Holy Roman Empire

Fragmented region of small kingdoms and principalities.

Protestant

Supporters of religious reform.

John Calvin

Influenced the Protestant movement who emphasized the doctrine of predestination.

Caravel

Innovative ship that was more reliable for long-distance travel.

Bartholomeu Dias

Sailed for Portugal and was the first to reach the southern tip of Africa. "Cape of Good Hope".

Vasco da Gama

Brought a Portuguese fleet around Africa to India. Gave Portugal a monopoly over European and Asian trade.

Christopher Columbus

Italian explorer who sailed for Spain. Wanted to find a western sea route to Asia. Landed in the Carribean islands. Later opened an era of exploration. Died in 1509

Conquistadors

Spanish soldiers who fought and claimed lands for Spain.

Francisco Pizarro

Discovered the Inca empire. Defeated the Inca and took control of Cuzco.

New Spain

Spain's claims of land in the New World. Extended from the Carribean through Mexico to Peru.

Plantations

Farms intended to grow only one type of crop.

Hernan de Soto

Led an expedition from Florida to the Mississippi River in 1539.

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado

Led a destructive expedition through present-day Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado. Tried unsuccessfully to find gold.

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of things between the Old World and the New World.

Treaty of Tordesillas

Drew a north-south line indicating where either Spain or Portugal could claim lands. Spain received lands to the west and Portugal got lands to the east.

Giovanni de Verrazano

Italian navigator who sailed for the French. Mapped the North American Coast from present-day South Carolina to Maine.

Jaques Cartier

French mariner who made three voyages in search of mines. Explored the St. Lawrence River up to what is now Montreal hoping to discover a northwest passage to Asia.

Scurvy

Disease caused by a lack of Vitamin C

John Cabot

Italian mariner, who was to explore eastern Canada for England.

King Henry VIII

King of England who seized the Catholic Church because the pope refused to annul his marriage. Took up the Protestant cause.

Queen Mary

Tried to convert England back to Catholic. Killed Protestants for their beliefs earning her the nickname "Bloody Mary".

Queen Elizabeth

Restored Protestantism as the state's religion. Conquered Ireland and renewed England's interest in finding new land.

Sir Humphrey Gilbert

Promoted New World settlement. In, 1578 received permission to establish an English colony along the North American coast.

Francis Drake

Raided Spanish ships and New World ports for gold and silver.

Sir Walter Raleigh

In 1518, sent men to build a settlement on Roanoke Island off the Carolina coast. When he went back to England for supplies and returned he found the colony deserted.

Richard Hakluyt

Aroused enthusiasm for America. Told England that exploring America could be very beneficial.