M3 S1 Midterm Study Guide Flashcards

A comprehensive collection of vocabulary flashcards covering Unit 1: Interdependence Among Living Things and the Environment, and Unit 2: Heredity.

Mutualism

A relationship that benefits one party and benefits the other.

Community

An ecological level made up of multiple Populations.

Ecosystem

A system that describes the interaction of biotic factors (such as dogs, birds, and trees) and abiotic factors (such as air and rocks).

Primary Consumer

A Consumer that eats Producers.

Interspecific Competition

Competition that occurs between different species, such as a buffalo and a zebra fighting for water.

Population

An ecological group made up of multiples of one Species.

Intraspecific Competition

Competition that occurs between members of the same species, such as two deer fighting for a mate.

Producer

An Organism that can make food for itself through processes such as Photosynthesis.

Decomposer

An Organism that breaks down dead plants and dead animals.

Species

A specific type of organism, such as a Dog.

Carnivore

An organism that eats meat, such as a Shark.

Abiotic

Non-living components of an environment, such as Wind.

Parasitism

A relationship that benefits one party and hurts the other.

Biotic

Living or once-living components of an environment, such as Wood.

Secondary Consumer

A Consumer that eats other Consumers.

Food Chain

A diagram that shows what eats what in an ecosystem.

Herbivores

Organisms that eat Plants.

Omnivores

Organisms that eat both Plants and Meat.

Commensalism

A relationship that benefits one party and doesn’t affect the other.

Bioaccumulation

The collection of toxins starting at the bottom of the Food Chain that is most deadly to Organisms at the top.

Dominant Allele

An allele represented by a capital letter, such as B.

Recessive Allele

An allele represented by a lowercase letter, such as b.

Phenotype

The collection of physical characteristics of an organism, such as Hair Color.

Homozygous Pair

A pair of alleles that are identical, such as BB or bb.

Heterozygous Pair

A pair of alleles that are different, such as Bb.

Mitosis

Cell division that produces Daughter Cells that are exact copies of each other, each containing $46$ Chromosomes.

Order of Mitosis

The sequence of cell division: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and CyToKiNeSiS.

Causes of Mutation

The three factors known to cause mutations: Inheritance, Errors in Replication, and Environmental Exposure.

Spindle Fibers

Fibers that attach to the Centromeres and start to divide the Chromosome in half.

Down Syndrome

A condition that is the result of a Chromosome or Chromosomal Disorder.

Meiosis

Cell division that produces $4$ Haploid Daughter Cells that are all genetically different and contain $23$ Chromosomes each.

Haploid Number

In humans, this number is $23$.

Diploid Number

In humans, this number is $46$.

Chromatin

The material that becomes Chromosomes during Interphase.

Genetic Disorder

A condition resulting from a genetic abnormality, such as Color-Blindness.