Expo Test 2

Argumentum ad Hominem

Argumentum ad Hominem

The writer attacks the integrity or character of an opponent rather than the issue/argument at hand

Argumentum ad Populum

A fallacious argument that appeals to the passions and prejudices of a group rather than to its reason. Using emotionally charged words

Argumentum ad Verecundiam

Name-dropping to prove your point

Glittering Generalities

Emotionally appealing words applied to a product or idea, but which present no concrete argument or analysis.

Card Stacking

Seeks to manipulate the perception of an issue by emphasizing one side and repressing another, by using one-sided testimonials, or by making sure critics are not heard

Transfer

Projecting positive or negative qualities of a person, entity, object, or value to another to make the second more acceptable or to discredit it

Deduction

A process of reasoning that starts with a general truth, applies that truth to a specific case (resulting in a second piece of evidence), and from those two pieces of evidence (premises), draws a specific conclusion about the specific case

Induction

A process of reasoning (arguing) that infers a general conclusion based on individual cases, examples, specific bits of evidence, and other specific types of Premises. It puts facts together to get ideas or generalizations.

Name Calling

the use of offensive names especially to win an argument or to induce rejection or condemnation (as of a person or project) without objective consideration of the facts.

Oversimplification

Favorable generalities are used to provide simple answers to complex social, political, economic, or military problems.

Mud Slinging

Used in the intent that bad names will cause hearers to construct a negative opinion about a group or set of beliefs or ideas.

Red Herring

Presenting data or issues that, while compelling, are irrelevant to the argument at hand, and then claiming that it validates the argument.

Wrenching from Context

Quoting a sentence or phrase alone in a context different from which it was intended.

Begging the Question

The proposition to be proved actually assumes that it is already proven

Analogy

a comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification

implicit thesis

not plainly spelled out

explicit thesis

states author’s position in a single sentence

argumentation

the action or process of reasoning systematically in support of an idea, action, or theory.

Don’t Legalize Drugs

Morthon M. Kondracke

Drugs

Gore Vidal

That Lean and Hungry Look

Suzanne Britt

A Modest Proposal

Johnathon Swift

How to Write Clearly

Edwin Abbott Abbott

Introduction to Logic

John C. Sherwood

Obstacles to Clear Thinking

Richard D. Altick