Overview of the Organ systems and major organs

Organ system

group of organs performing a common function

What do the organ system do? or what’s the end goal?

For all body systems to cooperate and maintain homeostasis

Cardiovascular system

Transport nutrients, chemical messengers, gases, and waste in blood

Major cardiovascular organs

Heart and blood vessels

Respiratory system

add oxygen to blood and removes CO2 from blood; produces sound; maintains body fluid pH

Respiratory systems major organs

Nose

Pharynx (throat)

Larynx

Trachea

Bronchi

Lungs

Digestive System

Breaks down food into units that can be absorbed into the body, eliminates wastes, and non-digestive fiber

Major organs of the digestive system

Mouth

Salivary Glands

Pharynx

Esophagus

Stomach

Intestines

Pancreas

Liver

gall bladder

Urinary System

Removes nitrogenous wastes; maintains body fluid volume; pH, and electrolyte levels through urine production

Major organs of the urinary system

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Integumentary system

Provides a protective barrier for the body and aids in production of vitamin D; eliminates some waste; contains sensory receptors for pain, touch, and temperature; fat provides insulation

Major organs of the integumentary system

Skin

Skin Structures: hair, nails. sweat glands, oil glands

Lymphatic and Immune System

Returns fluid to blood; carries dietary lipids from GI tract to blood; detects and eliminates disease-causing organisms

Major organs of the lymphatic and immune system

Lymphatic vessels

Lymph nodes

Spleen
Thymus

Bone marrow

tonsils

Skeletal System

Protects major organs; provides levers and support for body movement; bone marrow contains stem cells that produce blood cells, and is site for maturation of lymphocytes

Major organs of the skeletal system

Bones and cartilage

Muscular System

Moves bones and maintains posture; major source of heat

major organs of the muscular system

skeletal muscles and tendons

Nervous System

Controls cell function with electrical signals; helps control body homeostasis

Major organs of the nervous system

Brain

Spinal cord

Nerves

Special sense organs

Endocrine system

Control cell function with hormones; helps control body homeostasis

Major organs of the endocrine system

Hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

Pineal gland

thymus

thyroid gland

pancreas

adrenal glands

ovaries

testes

Reproductive System

Produces gametes and hormones; female uterus provides environment for development of fetus

Major organs of the reproductive system

Male:

Testes

ductus deferens

penis

Female:

Ovaries

Uterine tubes

uterus

vagina

What are body cavities

spaces within the body

What is the cranial cavity

The topmost cavity that contains the brain

What is the vertebral cavity

a posterior cavity that contains the spinal cord

Thoracic Cavity

a space enclosed by the ribs, sternum, and vertebral column and contains three small cavities

Pericardial Cavity

the heart cavity

Pleural cavities

contains lung

Mediastinum

Central area within the thoracic cavity, extends from neck to diaphragm and from sternum to the vertebral column

What organs are located within the mediastinum?

Heart

Thymus gland

Esophagus

Trachea

Blood vessels

Bronchi

What does the diaphragm seperate?

Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavity

Abdominopelvic cavity

the Abdomen and Pelvic Cavity

Abdominal cavity

Superior portion located between the diaphragm and the brim of the pelvis

What does the abdominal cavity contain?

Stomach

Liver

Gall bladder

Pancreas

Spleen

Small Intestine

Kidneys

Appendix

Part of the large intestine

Peritoneal Cavity

Within the abdominal cavity

Contains most abdominal organs

Retroperitoneal Organs

Located posterior to the peritoneum

Pancreas

kidneys

adrenal gland

portions of the large intestine

Small intestine

inferior vena cava

Pelvis Cavity

Inferior portion of the abdominopelvic

Organs:

Parts of the large intestine

Rectum

Urinary Bladder

Female reproductive organs (almost all)

Male reproductive organs (prostate and part of the ductus deferens)

Serous membrane

a clear watery fluid that covers most organs in the ventral cavity

2 layers: Visceral and Parietal layer

Parietal Layer

Attaches to and covers the ventral body wall

Visceral layer

Covers organs

Serous fluid

a clear water fluid that prevents friction as the organs move

Serous membrane: lungs

Pleura (surrounds lung)

Serous membrane: heart

Pericardium

Serous membrane that covers abdominal organs in the peritoneal cavity

Peritoneum

The Abdominopelvic Regions

R Hypochondriac

Epigastric

L Hypochondriac

R Lumbar

umbilical

L Lumbar

R Inguinal iliac

Hypogastric/ Pubic
L inguinal iliac

4 Quadrants

RUQ

LUQ

RLQ
LLQ

Organs within the R Hypochondriac

Liver

R Kidney

Gallbladder

Large/Small intestine

Organs within the Epigastric region

Liver

Stomach

Spleen

Duodenum

Adrenal glands

Pancreas

Organs within L Hypochondriac Region

Liver’s tip

Stomach

Pancreas

Left kidney

Spleen

Large/Small intestine

Organs within R Lumbar

Ascending Colon

Small Intestine

R Kidney

Organs within Umbilical Region

Duodenum

Small Colon

Transverse Colon

Organs within L Lumbar Region

Descending Colon

Small Intestine

L Kidney

Organs within R Iliac region

appendix

Cecum

Ascending colon

Small intestine

Organs within Hypogastric region

Bladder

Sigmoid Colon

Small intestine

Reproductive orans

Organs within the L iliac region

Sigmoid Colon

Descending Colon

Small intestine