AP European History - Renaissance and Modern Europe Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary, people, and events from the AP European History curriculum related to Renaissance and Modern Europe.

Contextualizing Renaissance and Discovery

Understanding the historical, cultural, and social factors that influenced the Renaissance and Age of Discovery.

Italian Renaissance Humanists

Petrarch, Lorenzo Valla, Marsilio Ficino, Pico della Mirandola, Leonardo Bruni, Leon Battista Alberti, Niccolò Machiavelli were all figures who promoted a revival in classical literature.

Secular Models for Individual and Political Behavior

Niccolò Machiavelli, Baldassare Castiglione, and Francesco Guicciardini encouraged for secular models.

The Printing Press

Invented in the 1450's, it spread Renaissance ideals beyond Italy and encouraged the growth of vernacular literature.

New Monarchies

Monarchs who laid the foundation for the centralized modern state.

Ferdinand and Isabella

Consolidated control of the military.

Technological Advances

Advances that helped enabled Europeans to establish overseas colonies and empires, such as the compass and sternpost rudder.

Mercantilism

Gave the state a new role in promoting commercial development and the acquisition of colonies overseas.

The Slave Trade

Expanded in response to the establishment of a plantation economy in the Americas and demographic catastrophes among indigenous peoples.

The Commercial Revolution

European commercial and agricultural developments and their economic effects from 1450 to 1648.

Double-entry bookkeeping

An innovation in banking and finance that promoted the growth of urban financial centers.

Bank of Amsterdam & Dutch East India Company

An innovation in banking and finance that promoted the growth of urban financial centers.

Enclosure movement

The commercialization of agriculture.

Nobles of the robe in France

New economic elites.

The Age of Reformation

A period in European history marked by challenges to religious authority and transformations in religious belief and practice.

Religious pluralism

Challenged the concept of a unified Europe.

Martin Luther and John Calvin

Criticized Catholic abuses and established new interpretations of Christian doctrine and practice.

Religious conflicts

Became a basis for challenging the monarchs’ control of religious institutions.

Absolutism

A political system in which a ruler holds total power.

English Civil War

A conflict among the monarchy, Parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure.

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Louis XIV's finance minister who extended the administrative, financial, military, and religious control of the central state over the French population.

Peter the Great

Westernized the Russian state and society, transforming the religious, political, and cultural institutions.

The Scientific Revolution

A period of major scientific advancements that challenged existing classical views of the cosmos, nature, and the human body.

Deism

The new philosophies of deism.

Coffeehouses

Institutions that broadened the audience for new ideas.

Enlightened Absolutism

The number of states in eastern and central Europe experimented with enlightened absolutism.

Congress of Vienna

Attempted to restore the balance of power in Europe and contain the danger of revolutionary upheavals in the future.

Congress of Vienna

Attempted to restore the balance of power in Europe and contain the danger of revolutionary upheavals in the future.

Karl Marx

Systematic critique of capitalism and a deterministic analysis of society and historical evolution.

Global Market Rise

Was influenced by diplomacy and warfare among European states in the early modern era.

18th-Century society and demographics

Is situated within a broader historical context.

English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution

Were used to protect the rights of gentry and aristocracy from absolutism through assertions of the rights of Parliament.