Chapter 25 test review sheet

What was established in Plessy v Ferguson?

Established “separate but equal doctrine”

What has the NAACP done since 1909?

Since 1909 it has supported court cases aimed at overturning segregation.

What did CORE try to do?

Desegregate restaurants that refused to serve African Americans using the sit-in strategy.

What role did Thurgood Marshall have in the case Brown V Board of Education

Lead Attorney for the Brown v Board of Education

What did many states adopt and why? (When was this done?)

After Brown V. Board of Education decision many states adopted pupil assignment laws, which established elaborate requirements other than race that schools could prevent African Americans from attending white schools.

Who was Rosa Parks and what happened to her?  

Rosa Parks was an African American woman who decided to challenge segregation of public transportation and was arrested for sitting just behind white section of a bus and not giving up her seats.

As a result of what happened to her what started?  (Sparked what?)

Sparked the bus boycott.

What was Martin Luther King & what did he believe was the only moral way to end racism & segregation? 

A 26 year old pastor and a leader of the Civil Rights movement who believed that the only moral way to end segregation and racism was through nonviolent passive resistance.

What type of pressure did the boycott create?

Economic pressure

What did the SCLC set out to do?

Set out to eliminate segregation and to encourage African Americans to register to vote.

 What did Eisenhower believe about the Brown v Board of Education decision?  Yet he felt?

Eisenhower believed that the Brown V board of Education decision was wrong, yet he felt that he had to uphold the authority of the federal government.

What did the governor order

Governor Orval Faubus ordered troops from Arkansas National Guard to prevent the nine students from entering the school.

What did Eisenhower order and why?

Eisenhower immediately ordered the US army to send troops to Little Rock to protect the nine students at Little Rock.

The sit in movement how did it start and what was it? 

Started with four students sitting at Woolworth's department store lunch counter and was a new mass movement for civil rights.

SNCC It sent who where as part of? 

SNCC volunteers headed south as part of a voter education project.

What happened in 1964?

In 1964 the KKK brutally murdered three SNCC workers with the complicity of local officials in Mississippi.

What did the FBI discover about Bull Connor ?

FBI evidence later showed that Bull Connor had told the local KKK to beat the riders.

What did Robert Kennedy order the Justice Department to take?  And as a result by  late 1962?

To take legal action against southern cities that maintained segregated bus terminals. By late 1962 segregation in interstate bus travel had virtually ended.

 Dr. King knew that launching a demonstration in Birmingham would do what? and he believed? 

He knew they would provoke a violent response, but he believed it was the only way to get JFK to actively support the civil rights.

What was “Letter From a Birmingham Jail”? 

It was an eloquent defense of nonviolent protest.

Describe the events of May 2, 1963

The Children’s March which took place on May 2, 1963 was when young people marched in groups from churches to downtown businesses. Many were attacked by police, and many were arrested.

September 15, 1963.  Explain the result of these events.

On September, the KKK bombed Birmingham sixteenth street Baptist Church, killing four young girls. News reports of these attacks on children led to greater support for the civil rights movement.

Who was George Wallace and what did he do? 

George Wallace governor of Alabama wanted segregation he stood in front of the University of Alabama admissions office to block two African Americans from enrolling.

Who was Medger Evers and what happened to him in 1963?

A white segregationist murdered civil rights activist Medgar Evers in Mississippi.

What did MLK give here at the March on Washinton and what was it titled?

MLK delivered his powerful speech I have a dream calling for freedom and equality for all Americans.

The Civil Rights Act of 1963 made segregation?

Made segregation illegal in most places of public accommodation first civil rights law.

What did the Twenty-Fourth Amendment do?

It eliminated poll taxes in federal elections, but not state elections.

What was Selma chosen for? Why? 

Selma, Alabama was chosen as the focal point for their campaign for voting rights. African Americans made up a majority of Selma's population but they made up only 3% of the registered voters.

Dr. King joined with SNCC activists to do what?  Why did he do this? 

To keep pressure on the president and Congress to act, Dr. King joined with SNCC activists and organized a "march for freedom" from Selma to the state capital in Montgomery.

After “Bloody Sunday” President Johnson was?  Eight days later what did President Johnson do and why?

President Johnson was furious, eight days later he appeared before a nationally televised joint session of Congress to propose a new voting rights law.

 The Voting Rights Act of 1965 Authorized the Attorney General to?  Suspended?  Marked a?

Authorized the US attorney general to send federal examiners to register qualified voters. Suspended discriminatory devices, such as literacy tests. Marked a turning point in the civil rights movement.

Why did it start Watts riot?

Allegations of police brutality

Explain the two ways that it was interpreted & by who black power

To most, it meant that African Americans should control the social, political and economic direction of their struggle. To a few African Americans it meant physical self defense was acceptable.

Black Power Describe what it did and give three specific examples.

Black Power stressed pride in African American culture. It emphasized racial distinctiveness rather than adopting 40 dominant cultures. African Americans showed pride in their racial heritage by adopting new “afro” hairstyles and African style clothing, and many took African names.

What had Malcolm X become the symbol of?

Became a symbol of the black Power movement.

What did the Nation of Islam preach?

The nation of Islam preached black nationalism.

After his trip to Mecca how did Malcolm X change?

After his trip to Mecca he no longer promoted Separatism

  What happened to him in Feb. 1965 and why?

In February 1965 he was shot and killed because he continued to criticized the organization of the Nation of Islam.

Who founded the Black Panthers? 

Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale organized the Black Panthers.

Black Panther leaders called for the control of?

Black Panther leaders called for an end to racial oppression and for control of major institutions in the African American community.

 What did Dr. King do in March 1968?   

Dr. King went to Memphis, Tennessee in March 1968 to support a strike on African American sanitation workers.

What had the SCLC planned and why?  What was its purpose? 

The SCLC had been planning a national poor people campaign to promote economic advancement for impoverished Americans. The purpose of this campaign was to lobby the federal government to commit billions of dollars to end poverty and unemployment in the U.S.

What happened on April 4, 1968 and where?  

On April 4, 1968 as he stood on his hotel balcony in Memphis, Dr.King was assassinated by a sniper.

What was the Civil Rights Act of 1968 was also known as the? which outlawed discrimination where

The civil rights act of 1968 was also know as the Fair Housing Act of 1968, that outlawed discrimination when selling, renting or financing housing.

Explain what happened to the civil rights movement after MLK’s death?

The civil rights movement continued but it lacked the unity and purpose of vision MLK had given it.