Changing Populations Vocabulary

Population Distribution

The spatial pattern of where people live across Earth on local and global scales

Population Density

People per unit area

Gross domestic product

Total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country’s borders.

Gross national income

Measures total income of all final goods and services earned by a country’s residents and businesses, both domestically and abroad.

Foreign direct investment

Refers to long term investment by a company or individual of one country in an enterprise of another country.

Internal migration

Movement of people within a country, usually for different opportunities.

Migration

The movement of people from one place to another usually for a job and life opportunities, with the intention of settling permanently

World Systems Theory/Core Periphery Model

As general prosperity grows worldwide, the majority of that growth is enjoyed by a ‘core’ region of wealthy countries, region or group of people despite being severely outnumbered in population by those in a ‘periphery’ that are ignored.

Natural increase

Growth in a population resulting from an excess of births over deaths in a country.

Crude Birth Rate

Number of live births per 1000 people per year in a country.

Crude death rate

Number of deaths per 1000 people per year in a country.

Dependency Ratio

Ratio of the dependent population (<15 and 65+ years old) compared to the economically active population (aged 15-64 years)

Total Fertility Rate

Average number of births per 1000 women of childbearing age

Replacement Rate

The level of TFR a population should maintain in order to have a stable population to replace themselves.

Life expectancy

The average lifespan a newborn can expect to live.

Refugee

A person, who owing to a well founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion etc is outside the country of their nationality and is unable to return for fear of persecution.

Asylum seeker

A person that has crossed an international border in the hope of being recognised as a refugee but their claim to be a refugee is still being considered.

Internally displaced persons

People that are forcibly relocated within their country

Sex ratio (birth and overall adult)

Number of boys/men for every 100 girls/women

Ageing/greying population

When a larger share of people are older (aged 65+) and the average age of a country increases.

Pro-natalist policy

A policy aimed at increasing population and/or birth rate of a country

Gender gap index

Index designed to measure gender-based gaps in access to resources and opportunities in countries rather than the actual levels of available resources and opportunities in those countries.

Demographic Dividend

A temporary boost to economic growth when the share of working age people rises relative to dependents.