Medical History/Time Periods/HealthCare Systems Exam

Acute care facility

A healthcare facility that provides care for patients who have severe, severe, or painful conditions that require immediate medical attention

Assisted-Living facility

A facility that generally provides housing, group meals, personal care, support services, and social activities in a community setting.

Complementary Therapies

Treatment methods that typically promote healing through nutrition, exercise, or relaxation, sometimes referred to as alternative medicine

Extended Care Facility

A facility that provides healthcare and help with the activities of daily living to people who may be physically or mentally unable to care for themselves; this type of care may last from days to years

General Practitioner

A physician who diagnoses and treats a variety of common health problems

Hippocratic Oath

Was an oath written by Hippocrates of Cos that serves as the moral basis of many medical regulations and guidelines still in use today

Home Health Care

Care is provided in a patient's home through community health departments, visiting nurses' associations, hospital-based case managers, and home health agencies

Homeopathy

A holistic system of healing that focuses on stimulating the body's ability to heal itself by giving very small doses of highly diluted substances.

Hospice

A care program focused on reducing pain, symptoms, and stress during the last stage of terminal illnesses.

Independent-Living Facility

A group of apartments or houses for residents who can take care of themselves and are mobile yet need some help with daily activities; it may offer meals and other social activities in a community setting

Inpatient

A person who remains in an acute care facility, such as a hospital, for more than 24 hours

Interdisciplinary Team

A group of healthcare professionals with varied medical educations, backgrounds, and experiences who work together to deliver the best possible care for each patient.

Microbiology

The branch of biology that studies microorganisms and their effects on humans

Outpatient

A patient who is discharged within 23 hours but may require ongoing treatment, care, and education

Pandemic

An infectious disease that affects entire continents or even the world

Prognosis

A medical opinion about the likely outcome of a condition or disease

Rehabilitation Centers

A healthcare facility that specializes in services for patients needing physical or emotional rehabilitation or treatment of chemical dependency

Sphygmomanometer

A device that is used to measure blood pressure, commonly referred to as a blood pressure cuff

Stethoscope

A device that allows healthcare professionals to listen to the internal sounds of a patient

Subacute Care Facility

A healthcare facility that fills the gap between hospitalization and rehabilitation by providing care to patients who are stable and don't need acute care yet need more complex treatment than can be found in a nursing or rehabilitation facility.

Prehistoric times (4000 bc - 3000bc)

Believed illness and disease were caused by demons

Medicine men aka "Witch doctors" or Shaman treated illness

Herbs and plants used as medicine

Trepanning (holes in skull) to treat insanity

Ancient Egyptians (3000 bc - 300 bc)

Considered advanced for their time

1st to wash and shave body before surgery

Dissection from the body was not allowed

Used plants to treat disease

Ancient Chinese (1700bc - 220 ad)

Believed the need to treat the whole body

Treated body holistically

Used acupuncture to relieve pain and congestion

Ancient Greeks (1200 bc - 200 ac)

Began observing the body for disease

High importance in diet and cleanliness

Believed illness was a religious punishment

Ancient Roman (753 bc - 410 ad)

First to organize medical care to soldiers- built 1st hospitals

Introduced medical specialties

Rene Laennec

Invented the first stethoscope

Francis Crick and James Watson

Discovered the structure of DNA (carries life's hereditary information

Imhotep

Believed to be first physician

Used honey to treat wounds

Wilhelm Roentgen

Father of diagnostic imaging (x-rays)

Louis Pasteur

Discovered process for pasteurization (to make safe to eat/drink) Think of the milk you drink

Robert Koch

Discovered tuberculosis and bacterium

1st to prove microorganisms were the cause of infectious disease (chain of infection)

Florence Nightingale

Founder of modern nursing

Started first nursing school

Lady with the lamp

Treated soldiers

Ed Jenner

Created the first vaccine, Smallpox vaccine

Al-Razi

Developed criteria for distinguishing between measles and small pox

Developed different pharmacy instruments

Clara Barton

Founder of the American Red Cross

Collected supplies and delivered to soldiers

Zacharias Janssen

Invented the first telescope/microscope

Galen

Believed the body contained 4 important liquid

"Humors"- blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile

Needed to stay in balance in order for the body to be healthy

Hippocrates

Father of medicine

Focused on prognosis (likely cause of a disease)

Wrote hippocratic oath

Used by physicians as a moral basis for regulations

Davinci

Focused on human anatomy

Made drawings as a way to understand the human body

Flemming

Discovered penicillin, first antibiotic

Daniel Williams Hale

First african-american surgeon

Performed the first successful open heart surgery

Created the first interracial hospital

Hospitals

Facilities providing acute and chronic care services

Chronic Care

Long-term management for ongoing health issues

Urgent Care

Non-life-threatening injury or illness treatment

Long Term Care

Support for patients with ongoing health conditions

Volunteer Agencies

Nonprofit organizations providing community health support

Life Expentency in Hospice Care

Expected life span of 6 months or less

4.8 days

Average stay time at a hospital