Logical Thinking & Reasoning Truth or False

1. One way to put a primary goal of this course in "Logic

and Critical Reasoning" is that it's learning to distinguish

between arguments that give a sound reason for believing

a proposition is true, and arguments that do not provide a

sound reason for believing a proposition is true.

True

2. No one can reason correctly without taking a course in logic.

False

3. Assume you're from Canvas, a place where binary logic is

used exclusively, and you find a proposition that is neither

true nor false. You know you're not in Canvas anymore.

True

4. Like everything else that goes on in our minds, inference is

a psychological process -- so, it's really not anything logicians

can or should study.

False

5. The simplest logic system has only a single truth value.

*False

6. Some meaningful propositions cannot be assigned a

truth value or expressed as sentences.

***False

7. Every argument is composed of three or more

propositions: at least two premises and a conclusion.

False

8. If a proposition is used both as a premise and as the

conclusion in the same argument, the argument must be

fallacious.

*True

9. If you know one of a pair of contraries is false,

you know the other contrary is true.

*False

10. If you know one of a pair of contradictories is true, you

know the other contradictory is false.

True

11. If a deductive argument has all true premises and

a false conclusion, it is invalid.

True

12. A valid deductive argument with a false conclusion

must have at least one false premise.

True

13. Logically, the odds of an invalid deductive argument with

all false premises having a true conclusion are very remote.

**False

14. The weakest inductive arguments are those in which the

chances of their conclusion being true are extremely remote.

***False

15. Very weak inductive arguments are not acceptable

under any circumstances.

False

16. Technically, no inductive argument is valid.

True

17. Every sound argument has all true premises that

provide proper evidence, according to the argument's type,

for its conclusion.

True

18. If a deductive argument has a false conclusion,

it must be unsound.

True

19. If an inductive argument has a false conclusion,

it must be unsound.

False

20. Every sound deductive argument is valid.

True

21. Every valid deductive argument is sound.

False

22. No analytic proposition can be false.

True

23. No synthetic proposition can be impossible

True

24. A postulate need not be self-evident or even obviously true.

True

25. A summary of the 3 "Laws of Thought" can be stated as:

(1) Every distinct proposition is unique [Law of Identity],

and, for any proposition and its contradictory,

(2) Both cannot be true [Law of Non-Contradiction], but

(3) One must be true [Law of the Excluded Middle]

True