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What are the divisions of the PNS?
Somatic NS and Autonomic NS
What are the two divisions of the autonomic NS?
Sympathetic Division and Parasympathetic Division
How many motor neurons are in series in autonomic motor pathways?
Two motor neurons.
Where are preganglionic cell bodies located?
In the CNS (brain or spinal cord).
Are preganglionic and post ganglionic axons myelinated or unmyelinated?
Pre-Myelinated.
Post- unmyelinated
What type of neurons are preganglionic and postganglionic neurons?
Motor neurons.
Where are postganglionic cell bodies located?
outside CNS
Are postganglionic axons myelinated or unmyelinated?
unmyelinated.
What are the two types of ganglia in the sympathetic division?
Sympathetic trunk ganglia and Prevertebral ganglia.
Where do sympathetic trunk ganglia lie?
In a vertical row on either side of the vertebral column.
Where do prevertebral ganglia lie?
anterior to vertebral column and close to abdominal arteries
What do postganglionic axons of the sympathetic trunk innervate?
Organs above the diaphragm.
Where does preverteblar ganglia innervate
Organs below diaghphram
Where are preganglionic neuron cell bodies located in the sympathetic division?
Thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord.
What is another name for the sympathetic division?
Thoracolumbar division.
What are splanchnic nerves?
Preganglionic axons that pass through the sympathetic trunk without synapsing.
Are preganglionic and postganglionic axons long or short in the sympathetic NS?
In the sympathetic nervous system, preganglionic axons are typically short while postganglionic axons are long; this is because the sympathetic ganglia are located close to the spinal cord
Where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons located in the parasympathetic division?
In four cranial nerves in the brain stem.
What is another name for the parasympathetic division?
Craniosacral division.
Where do preganglionic axons of the parasympathetic division synapse?
In terminal ganglia close to the target cells.
Are the axons long or short in preganglionic and post ganglionic neurons in parasympathetic ns
In the parasympathetic nervous system, preganglionic axons are long, while postganglionic axons are short; this is because the ganglia in the parasympathetic system are located very close to or even within the target organs
In the parasympathetic division, where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons located within the spinal cord? What is another name for the sympathetic division?
craniosacral division. Lateral gray matter of sacral segments 2-4 of the spinal cord
What are autonomic plexuses?
Networks of inter-twining fibers that innervate visceral organs.
What are the two major autonomic plexuses in the thorax?
Cardiac plexus and Pulmonary plexus.
What do cholinergic neurons release?
Acetylcholine.
What do adrenergic neurons release?
Norepinephrine (noradrenalin).
What are the two cholinergic receptors called?
Nicotinic receptors and Muscarinic receptors.
Where are nicotinic receptors located?
In the ganglia.
Where are muscarinic receptors found?
In the synapses with the effector organs.
What do cholinergic drugs mimic?
Parasympathetic NS effects.
What do adrenergic drugs mimic?
Sympathetic nervous system effects.
What is autonomic tone?
Balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity.
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