Chapter 8- Aquatic Biodiversity

-What do coral reeds require (name 3)
-Name 4 ecological services that are provided by coral reefs
-Name 3 Benthic organisms
-Name 4 ways in which humans impact the coast zone

-dissolved O2, nutrients, and sunlight
-increases biodiversity, reduces erosion along coast, absorbs CO2, provides habitat for many species
-crabs, clams, and worms
-development along coast, building dams that block water flow to ocean, fertilizer and pesticide runoff from farms, oil and trash in runoff from cities

-name surface to ocean floor zones (3 total)
-What is the area above the continental shelf called?
-what does the above question have in nutrients, depth of water, sunlight and biodiversity
-True or False, Kelp that washes up on the shore should be immediately removed and discarded

-euphotic zone, bathyal zone, abyssal zone
-coastal zone
-high; shallow; high; high
-false

-Name 4 ecological services of kelp forests
-What keeps the kelp from floating off the ocean floor
-What keeps the kelp float towards the surface/ stay upright
-what floats towards the surface

-provides food and shelter for many species, absorbs CO2, and provides oxygen
-holdfast
-air bladders
-fronds

-What are 5 ecological services provided by the mangrove forests?
-Name 6 things that cause DO to fluctuate
-Which river zone is nutrient rich and which river zone is nutrient poor?
-What does overturn bring to the surface of the lake and brings to the bottom of the lake?

-absorbs CO2, produces O2, provides place fr baby fish to hide, provides habitat for birds, slows down coastal erosion
-temp, turgidity, turbidity, number of consumers, producers, and decomposers
-floodplain; source
-nutrients to the top and oxygen to the bottom

-What are barrier islands?
-Which river zone has high turbidity? which river zone has high turgidity?
-What causes overturns to occur in temperate lakes?
-What are 2 ecological services provided by inland wetlands?

-sandy islands along a coastline that reduces erosion of the main land
-floodplain; source
-changes in temp of the water due to the changing of seasons
-it provides habitat for other species, recharges aquifers and replenishes streams

-What is mitigation banking?
-what are coral reefs formed by
-what is the relationship between polyp and algae
-what happens when a coral reef dies

-law that protects wetlands by requiring creation/restoration of a wetland prior to the destruction of an existing one
-colonies of polyps
-mutualism
-losing color that it originally gets form algae and begins to bleach

-what are plankton
-name 3 types of plankton and what they are like
-what are nekton; give 3 examples
-What are benthos/benthic organisms

-free floating drifting organisms
-zooplankton (animal-like); phytoplankton(plant-like); ultraplankton (super tiny)
-organisms that don't drift; fish, turtles, and whales
-bottom dwellers

-describe the euphotic zone
-describe the bathyal zone
-describe the abyssal zone
-what is the nutrient lvl, photosynthesis lvl and O2 lvl of the euphotic zone

-upper layer in deep water habitats, sunlight can penetrate through
-dim/twilight area of open sea, there is some light that can penetrate
-no light at all
-low nutrients, high photosynthesis, high O2

-What is the temp, photosynthesis, water pressure, nutrients, and O2 lvls of abyssal zone
-What is it called when an organism produces their own light
-what is the nutrient lvl in coastal zone, how deep is the water, how much is it of the world's ocean, what about biodiversity
-what does tropical mean

-low temp, low photo, high water, high nutrients, low O2
-bioluminescent
-nutrient high bc runoff and sediment enter here, shallow waters, 10% of world ocean but 90% if marine species
-near the equator between tropic of cancer and capricorn

-what does temperate mean
-where does coral grow
-where do kelp forests grow?
-what do aquatic environments provide (3)

-above of below tropical
-tropical area
-coastal zone
-dissolving nutrients, dilutes toxins, and prevents changes in temp

-Intertidal zone is where
-what do the organisms here deal with (above)
-what adaptations do these organisms need to have
-where do mangroves and salt marshes grow

-between low and high tide
-deal w/ changing temp, salinity, wave action, desiccation and predators
-tough exoskeletons, sticking to rocks, camouflage, store water within self
-mangroves are tropical while salt marshes are temperate zones

-what waters mix in estuaries and coastal wetlands
-what are halophytes
-What are primary and secondary dunes and where should people build
-What is a thermocline

-where fresh and salt water mix
-plants that are tolerable to change in temp and salinity
-protect land from erosion by sea; build beyond dunes
-a layer in a lake H2O between warmer and colder layers

-when is the top layer of the water nutrient rich and bottom is O2
-What is cultural eutrophication; what does it do
-What are macroinvertebrates
-Why are macroinverts important

-summer time and vice versa for winter
-human impact of placing nutrients into ocean which increases eutrophication process
-animals that do not need the help of a microscope to be seen and have no backbone
-indicate the health of the water

-name three intolerant macroinvert species and tolerant species
-when do you want to collect data and why
-What is the difference between lentic and lotic systems
-which of the two above has more O2

-mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies; leeches, worms, and pouch snails
-at the same place and time in order to make sure data is accurate
-lentic is still/standing such as lakes and lotic is flowing such as streams
-lotic

-What is the littoral zone: light penetration, depth; biodiversity, nutrient, hiding places
-name the zones in order (4)
-what is the difference between ecological and economic services
-what is oligotrophic lake

-high light; shallow; high; high; lots
-littoral, limnetic, profundal, and benthic
-ecological is what nature does that benefits humans but we don't benefit from it while ecological is where we do benefit and make money off of it
-poorly nourished; new small supply of nutrients

What are the 9 indicators of water quality

-pH
-smell
-the amount of DO
-the amount of nitrates/Nitrogen
-turbidity
-presence of bacteria
-type of living organisms in water
-amount of phosphates
-color

-what is a eutrophic lake
-What is the bottom of an oligotrophic lake
-what are wetlands and inlands
-what are wetland inlands kind of like
-

-well nourished; lots of nutrients, older, causes excessive plant growth (algal bloom)
-rocky bc bottom of lake is not weathered down yet and nutrient is still locked inside of rocks
-area that is flooded for most of the year and not close to the ocean
-natural sponges

-if PTI is high then there is a grater number of _____ macroinverts which indicates potentially ______ water quality
-What portrays a potentially low water quality
-are bioassessments alone accurate indicators of water quality
-if the EPT is higher than one then

-intolerant; higehr
-ratio of low EPT to tolerant midges
-no
-the water quality is good