apwh unit one

Post-Classical Civilizations

New states formed after classical civilizations collapsed, shaped by trade and religion.

Long-Distance Trade

Grew across regions, spreading culture, technology, and religion.

Role of Religion (1200)

Definition: Most events connected to religion; belief systems shaped societies.

Religious Divisions

Major religions often have sects or subgroups (e.g. Sunni vs. Shia).

Mysticism

Definition: Spiritual practices like prayer and meditation to connect with the divine.

Buddhism Origin

Founded by Siddhartha Gautama in India, focused on ending suffering.

Theravada Buddhism

Focuses on meditation and simplicity; individual enlightenment.

Mahayana Buddhism

More rituals and community focus; spread further than Theravada.

Christianity Origin

Based on teachings of Jesus of Nazareth; spread through Roman Empire.

Christianity Beliefs

Jesus is Son of God; salvation through faith and love.

Confucianism

Chinese philosophy focused on social order and respect in relationships.

Hinduism

Indian religion based on dharma, karma, and merging with Brahma.

Islam Origin

Founded by Muhammad in 7th century; based on Qur’an and 5 Pillars.

Sunni vs. Shia

Two Islamic sects differing over rightful successor to Muhammad

Judaism

First major monotheistic religion; based on Torah and covenant with God

Abbasid Dynasty

Islamic Golden Age ; centered in Baghdad, major trade and science hub.