Labs 1-3- Bio 111

What are the conversions from lab 1

1 cm=10 mm

1 mm=1000 micrometers

.001 mm=1 micrmeter

.1 cm=1 mm

What is the ocular magnification for each lens system?

10x

what is the objective magnification of scanning power?

4x

what is the objective magnification of low power?

10x

what is the objective magnification of high power?

40x

what is the total magnification for each lens system?

scanning power-40x

low power-100x

high power-400x

What is the diameter (mm) of scanning power?

4.2

what is the diameter (mm) of low power?

1.9

What is the diameter (mm) of high power?

0.4

What is the actual size formula?

diameter of lens system used (mm)/ number/diameter of cells/organisms across microscope

What is the magnification factor formula (X)?

size of drawing in mm/actual size in mm

What is the area where you look at in a microscope called?

Ocular (eyepiece)

Which knobs in a microscope are meant for focus?

Fine adjustment knobs

which knobs in a microscope is used for moving the stage?

stage adjust knobs

which knobs in a microscope is used for larger movements?

course adjustment knobs

How to make a wet mount:

1. clean and dry coverslip

2. put a small portion of the specimen in the center of the slide (add a drop of water for plant tissue if substance is not in liquid and salt solution for animals)

3. add a coverslip (place one side of the coverslip and slowly put down the other side to reduce air bubbles)

4. adjust the amount of liquid underneath the coverslip if needed

How do you know if a substance has fully metabolized lactose?

you can add a color indicator (phenol red(-)) along with the sugar lactose being added and see if there has been a pH change occurred if the tube and color indicator changes from red to yellow(+) (if it is orange that means it wasn’t fully metabolized, if it was red it means it didn’t metabolize at all(±)

How can you tell if an organism is obligate aerobic, anaerobic, or facultative?

obligate aerobic- oxygen level is high towards top of the test tube

obligate anaerobic- oxygen level is low towards the bottom of the tube

facultative: grows throughout the tube

Which characteristics were used to observe types of bacteria growing on a solid surface?

Cell shape (cocci, bacilli, spirilla), color, luster (dull or shiny), and texture

How to identify a bacterias gram stain

gram negative: pink

gram positive: purple

Where do bacteria get the necessary carbon for making cellular material?

The agar provided in the Petri dish

Differences between cyanobacteria and eubacteria

cyano bacteria have a green pigment, are larger size, and uses photosynthesis to make cellular material (glucose is being used) whereas eubacteria are either pink or purple and smaller in size.

What process breaks down the carbon compound used in photosynthesis and yield energy for making cellular material in cyanobacteria and is used in all bacteria?

Cell respiration

How to determine if a protist has a cell wall

If a protist has a cell wall they have a defined shape (circular or rectangular) while protists without cell walls have an irregular shape

How to determine a protists movement

pseudopodia: the protist is constantly changing shape and extends temporarily

Cilia: look for hair like structures all around the protist and are all coordinated

Flagella: look for an opening for one or 2 flagella (they are clear) and identify the whipping back and forth/rotation

How to identify if the protest is unicellular or multicellular

Unicellular: smaller in size and see no similarities of the insides of the protist

Multicellular: larger in size and see multiple cells that are identical

3 types of green algae

Chlamydomonas (unicellular), Spirogyra (filamentous/multicellular), and Volvox (colonial)