AP Euro Lecture Notes

Flashcards reviewing key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture notes.

Franks

Founded the Carolingian dynasty.

Battle of Tours

732 AD; Defeated the Arab invasion and stopped the spread of Islam into Northern Europe.

Battle of Tours

Stopped the Islam expansion into North Europe; Islam stays Iberian

Charles Martel 'The Hammer'

He divided his kingdom into 3 parts, leading to the establishment of the feudal era.

Peppin The Short

Person with power or title.

Charlemagne

Built schools for priests and monks to become literate and be men of the clergy.

Charlemagne

Fought the Saxons because they were pagans.

Treaty of Verdun

Ended the Carolingian civil war and divided the Carolingian Empire between the surviving sons of Emperor Louis I.

Second Invasions 800-1000 AD

Magyars, Muslims, Vikings.

Feudalism

Economic, Social, and Political system where land is exchanged for power.

Serfs

Cannot marry or leave the manor without asking and are working to pay off a debt.

Peasants

Can marry and are not indebted to anyone.

Fief

Land given in exchange for protection.

Fealty

Promise between the vassal and knights.

Manorialism

System of self-sufficiency.

3 field system

Very important system of crop rotation in the Middle Ages.

Pope Gregory 1

Reasserted papal supremacy and emphasized penance.

Tithing

Church tax of 10% of annual income.

Excommunication

Preventing a person from receiving communion, the holy right of anointing the sick, and prevents Christian burial.

Interdict

If a king or lord receives excommunication, the entire kingdom or manor is also excommunicated.

Monasticism

Clergy took vows of poverty and supported charities.

Monasticism

Took to monasteries to mediate and pray.

Cluniac Reforms

Originated at the monastery at Cluny, focusing on public prayer, renewal of faith, poverty, and devotion to the church.

St. Benedict of Nursia

Strengthened the monastic movement.

Benedict's Rule

Required monks to take vows of celibacy, poverty, chastity, and obedience.

Jews In Early Middle Ages

Lived in both Muslim and Christian dominated areas.

Jews In Early Middle Ages

Forbidden to own land.

Christians In Early Middle Ages

Forbidden to loan money for interest.

Jews In Early Middle Ages

Given Dhimmi status.