TEAS A&P Digestive System

Gastrointestinal System

take food and liquids breaking them down into substances that the body uses for energy, growth and tissue repair

Four Categories of the System

Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption and Elimination

Ingestion

taking in food

Digestion

biomolecule polymer break down into building blocks

Absorption

absorbs nutrients to be delivered

Elimination

waste is removed

Mechanical Digestion

physical breakdown

Chemical Digestion

enzymes breakdown

Epiglottis

covers trachea

Peristalisis

involuntary constriction and relaxation

Mouth

site of mechanical digestion and chemical digestion of carbohydrates

Esophagus

moves food to stomach involuntary contraction by peristalsis

Stomach

Produces gastric acid and pepsin to initiate protein digestion, converting food into chyme

Lower Esophageal Sphincter

separates esophagus and stomach

Pyloric Sphincter

separates stomach and small intestine

Small Intestine

Primary site for chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

Three parts of the small intestine

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Duodenum

shortest section of small intestine, chemically digest chyme

Jejunum

middle section of the small intestine, absorbs nutrients, carbs and proteins into the blood stream

Ileum

final section of the small intestine, absorbs nutrients, B12, salts and products of digestion

Large Intestine

Absorbs water, vitamins, and minerals; compacts waste into stool

Parts of the Large Intestine

the cecum, the colon , the rectum, and the anal canal

Cecum

Pouch that receives waste from small intestine

Three Sections of the Colon

Ascending, Transverse, and Descending

Ascending Colon

absorbs water, salt, and solidify waste into a stool

Transverse Colon

longest section of the large intestine, storage site of digested food

Descending Colon

carries solid waste to rectum more absorption of water and minerals, stores feces

Sigmoid Colon

S-shaped section to store fecal matter before defecation and absorb remaining water and nutrients

Rectum

Stores stool before it leaves the body

Pneumonic for Small Intestine

Digestive Juices Intake

Pneumonic for Colon

Ascending=Absorbs, Transverse=Transports, Descending=drives down

Liver

carbs and proteins metabolize, creates bile for breakdown of lipids in the small intestine

Gallbladder

Stores and concentrates bile

Pancreas

Releases bicarbonate (neutralizes chyme) and enzymes to digest carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

Salivary Amylase

breaks down carbs in stomach

Pepsin

break down proteins in stomach

Lipase

breaks down fats in small intestine

Gastrin

G cell of stomach that stimulates gastric gland to secrete pepsinogen and HCL

Cholecytsokinin

I cell of duodenum and jejunum digest fat, proteins and stimulate gallbladder to release bile

Peristalsis

Wave-like muscle movement that pushes food throughout the digestive tract

Villi

line jejunum to increase surface area of absorption

GI Tract Pneumonic

Mother Says Stomach Should Empty Properly