Definition of Social Identity Theory

What is Social Identity Theory as developed by Henri Tajfel and John Turner?

A theory suggesting an individual's sense of self is based on their group memberships, shared by other group members.

How did Tajfel define Social Identity?

The part of an individual's self-concept derived from their knowledge of membership in a social group and the emotional significance attached to that membership.

What is Personal Identity?

The part of an individual’s self-concept that is distinct from social identity, encompassing traits and characteristics defining the person individually.

What is an In-Group?

A group with which a person identifies as a member, representing 'us' in 'us versus them' distinctions.

What is an Out-Group?

A group with which a person does not identify as a member, representing 'them' in 'us versus them' distinctions.

What is Social Categorisation?

The process of dividing the social environment into in-groups and out-groups, leading to a sense of similarity within the in-group and difference from the out-group.

What does In-Group Homogeneity refer to?

The tendency to view members of one’s own group as similar to one another, reducing perceived variability within the group.

What is Out-Group Homogeneity?

The tendency to view members of an out-group as similar to each other, reducing perceived variability among them.

What is the Category Accentuation Effect?

A cognitive exaggeration that increases the perceived differences between in-groups and similarities within each group.

What is Social Identification?

The process by which individuals identify strongly with an in-group and adopt its norms and attitudes as their own.

What is Social Comparison?

The process of comparing one’s in-group with relevant out-groups, often favorably, to enhance self-esteem.

What is Positive Distinctiveness?

The motivation to demonstrate that one’s in-group is preferable to relevant out-groups, strengthening social identity and self-esteem.

What is Self-Categorisation Theory?

An extension of social identity theory focusing on how individuals define themselves as members of a social group and internalize group norms.

What is Depersonalisation in the context of Self-Categorisation Theory?

A cognitive process where individuals see themselves as more similar to their group, often through self-stereotyping.