Lesson 2 - The Musculoskeletal System - Flashcards

ankyl/o

crooked, bent, stiff

arthr/o

joint

burs/o

bursa

chondr/o

cartilage

cost/o

rib

crani/o

skull

fasci/

fascia

fibr/o

fibrous tissue

kines/o, kinesi/o

movement

kyph/o

bent, hump

leiomy/o

smooth muscle

lord/o

curve

lumb/o

lumbar, lower back

muscul/o

muscle

my/o

muscle

myel/o

bone marrow, spinal cord

myocardi/o

cardiac muscle

orth/o

straight, normal

oste/o

bone

ped/o

foot

phalang/o

bones of the fingers and toes

pod/o

foot

radicul/o

nerve or root

rhabdomy/o

skeletal muscle

scoli/o

curved, bent

spondyl/o

vertebrae, vertebral column

synovi/o

synovial membrane or fluid

ten/o, tendin/o

tendon

vertebr/o

vertebra

-desis

fixation of a bone or joint, bind together, fuse

-ectomy

surgical excision (removal)

-ic

pertaining to

-itis

inflammation

-ium/-ia

abnormal condition, disease

-listhesis

slipping

-lysis

loosening or setting free

-malacia

abnormal softening

-necrosis

tissue death

-oma

tumor

-osis

condition

-paresis

weakness or partial loss of movement

-penia

deficiency

-plasty

surgical repair

-plegia

paralysis

-porosis

porous condition

-rrhaphy

surgical suturing

-rrhexis

rupture

-scopy

visual examination

-tomy

cutting into the organ or area

abduction

movement of a limb away from the midline

abrasion

scrape or tear on the skin

adduction

movement of a limb toward the midline

adhesion

fibrous band that abnormally binds structures together

ambulate

to walk

arthrocentesis

needle withdrawal of fluid from a joint

arthrodesis

surgical fusion of a joint

arthrography

x-ray of a joint using contrast dye

arthroplasty

surgical repair of a joint

arthroscopy

visual exam inside a joint

atrophy

wasting away of tissue

avascular necrosis

bone death from poor blood supply

bone

living tissue that grows and repairs itself

bursa

fluid-filled sac that cushions a joint

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

wrist swelling that pinches the median nerve, causing pain/numbness

cartilage

lining that keeps bones from grinding together

circumduction

circular movement of a limb

collagen

protein that forms bone’s soft framework

comminuted fracture

bone splintered or crushed into pieces

compression fracture

bone collapsed by being pressed on itself

craniotomy

surgical opening into the skull

crepitation

crackling sound of broken bone ends

decompressive craniectomy

removal of part of the skull to relieve pressure

dual x-ray absorptiometry

scan that measures bone density

ecchymosis

bruising

electromyography

test of muscle electrical activity

exercise physiologist

specialist who designs exercise/fitness programs

fascia

connective tissue sheath wrapping muscles and organs

fibromyalgia

chronic widespread muscle pain and fatigue

hemarthrosis

blood within a joint

hemiparesis

slight paralysis of one side of the body

hemiplegia

paralysis of the arm and leg on one side

hemopoietic

pertaining to blood-cell formation

joint

where two or more bones connect

kyphosis

outward curve of the upper spine (hunchback)

laminectomy

removal of the back part of a vertebra

ligaments

tissue bands that connect bone to bone

lordosis

inward curve of the lower spine (swayback)

lumbago

low back pain

magnetic resonance imaging (mri)

scan that images soft tissue and joints

monoplegia

paralysis of one limb

multiple myeloma

cancer of the bone marrow

muscle

fibrous tissue that contracts to create movement

myasthenia gravis

autoimmune disease causing severe muscle weakness

myocardial

pertaining to heart muscle

myocardial muscles

muscle that forms the heart wall

myography

measurement of muscle contraction force

myolysis

surgical breakdown of muscle tissue

myoma

tumor of muscle tissue

myonecrosis

death of muscle tissue

myoparesis

muscle weakness or slight paralysis