Psych 1103 Quiz 1

mod 1 and 2

empirical

evidence-based method, observations and experiments

structuralism

Wundt/ Titchner

used introspection to reveal structure of human mind

functionalism

James/ Darwin

how mental and behavioral processes function (adaptation)

behaviorism

Skinner

studies behavior without reference to mental processes, believes psych should be objective science

humanistic psych

emphasized human growth potential

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

cognitive psych

study of mental processes

psychology

The science of behavior and mental processes

Positive psych

human flourishing: vitality, positivity, engagement, achievement, relationship, meaning

biopsychosocial

integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis.

SQ3R

Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve, Review

testing effect

Enhanced memory after retrieving

post truth world

1. False news

2. repetition

3. cognitive availability (drama overshadows)

4. group polarization

5. conformation bias

evolutionary psych

how are we alike as humans

behavior genetics

differences

critical thinking

scientific attitude + skepticism + humility

hindsight bias

knew it all along

theory

explanation that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events.

hypothesis

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory

operational definition

A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study.

replication

Repeating the essence of a research study

case study

one individual or group is studied in depth

• descriptive

naturalistic observation

observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations, no manipulation

• descriptive

survey

getting self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group using random sample

• descriptive

random sample

sample that fairly rep-resents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

correlation

collect data on 2 variables to see relationship

regression toward the mean

extreme or unusual scores or events to fall back (regress) toward the average.

random assignment

Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance, thus minimizing preexisting differences between the different groups.

double-blind procedure

both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant (blind) about whether the research participants have received the treatment or a placebo

independent variable

manipulated

dependent variable

measured

confounding variable

an uncounted for factor that might influence a study’s results

informed consent

Giving potential partic-ipants enough information about a study to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate

debriefing

postexperimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions

Correlation X=X causation

1. Directionality of effect

2. Third variable problem

most research participants are WEIRD

western

educated

industrialized

rich

democratic

iterative process

(scientific method)

continually tested and improved thru feedback

Common sense flawed:

1. Hindsight bias

2. overconfidence

3. tendency to perceive patterns in random events