Science 10 Chemistry Flashcards

Flashcards for Science 10 Chemistry exam review.

WHMIS

Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System

Biohazard

Category of WHMIS symbols indicating a substance can cause disease in living things.

Corrosive

Category of WHMIS symbols indicating a substance can destroy or irreversibly damage another substance or tissue.

Flammable

Category of WHMIS symbols indicating a substance can easily ignite.

Compressed Gas

Category of WHMIS symbols indicating a substance is stored under high pressure.

Oxidizing Material

Category of WHMIS symbols indicating a substance can provide oxygen for a fire to burn more fiercely.

Poisonous (Immediate)

Category of WHMIS symbols indicating a substance has immediate and severe toxic effects.

Dangerously Reactive

Category of WHMIS symbols indicating a substance can react strongly with other materials, potentially causing an explosion.

Toxic (Longterm)

Category of WHMIS symbols indicating a substance has long-term toxic effects.

Physical Properties

Properties of matter that can be observed without changing the composition of the substance.

Boiling Point

The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas.

Melting Point

The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid.

Solubility

A physical property describing the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.

Conductive

A physical property describing the ability of a substance to conduct electricity or heat.

Magnetic

A physical property describing the ability of a substance to be attracted to a magnet.

Ductility

A physical property describing the ability of a substance to be stretched into a wire.

Chemical Properties

Properties of matter that describe how a substance reacts with other substances.

Flammable

A chemical property describing the ability of a substance to burn.

Physical Separation Methods

Separation methods using physical changes.

Chemical Separation Methods

Separation methods involving chemical reactions.

Filter (Separation Method)

A method of separating a solid from a liquid by using a porous barrier.

Decant (Separation Method)

A method of separating a liquid from a solid by carefully pouring off the liquid.

Distillation (Separation Method)

A method of separating liquids with different boiling points by boiling and then condensing the vapor.

Magnet (Separation Method)

A method of separating magnetic substances from non-magnetic substances.

Picking (Separation Method)

Separating components of a mixture by manually picking them out.

Electrolysis

A chemical process that uses electricity to break down a compound.

Pure Substances

Substances that are made up of only one type of atom or molecule.

Mixtures

Combinations of two or more substances that are physically combined.

Elements

A substance that consists of only one type of atom.

Compounds

A substance that consists of two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded together.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture that has uniform composition throughout.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture that does not have uniform composition throughout.

Mechanical Mixture

A heterogeneous mixture where the different components are easily seen.

Suspension

A heterogeneous mixture where solid particles are dispersed in a liquid.

Colloids

A mixture with particles that are larger than those in a solution but smaller than those in a suspension.

Solutions

A homogeneous mixture where one substance is dissolved in another.

Precipitate

Solid that forms out of a solution during a chemical reaction.

Groups/Families (Periodic Table)

Vertical columns on the periodic table.

Periods (Periodic Table)

Horizontal rows on the periodic table.

Metals

Elements that are typically shiny, conductive, and malleable.

Nonmetals

Elements that typically are dull, non conductive and brittle.

Nucleus (Atom)

The central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons.

Protons

Positively charged particles located in the nucleus of an atom.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Neutrons

Neutral particles located in the nucleus of an atom.

Atomic Mass

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Electrons

Negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus of an atom.

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons.

Ions

Atoms that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a charge.

Cations

Positively charged ions formed when metals lose electrons.

Anions

Negatively charged ions formed when non-metals gain electrons.

Valence Shell

The outermost shell of electrons in an atom.

Ionic Bond

Type of chemical bond formed through the transfer of electrons between ions.

Covalent Bonds

Type of chemical bond formed through the sharing of electrons between non-metals.

Ionic Compounds

Ions formed from metals, Ammonium, or Hydrogen cations transferring electrons to non-metal or complex anions forming an ionic bond.

Molecular Compounds

Compounds formed when non-metals share electrons with one another to form covalent bonds.

Naming Ionic Compounds

Naming convention when the starting element is positive, then negative. Transition metals use roman numerals to indicate charge, and the second element ends in -ide.

Writing Ionic Formulas

Writing this type of compound's formula requires balancing charges to know how many of each element are needed. Subscripts indicate the quantity of each element.

Naming Molecular Compounds

Naming convention where Prefixes indicate how many of each atom is present.

Writing Molecular Formulas

Writing this type of compound requires prefixes to indicate how many of each atom is present. Subscripts indicate the quantity of each element.

Properties of Acids

Sour taste, pH < 7, Blue litmus turns red

Properties of Bases

Bitter taste, slippery feel, pH > 7, Red litmus turns blue, ionic name and often contains hydroxide

Formation (Synthesis/Composition) Reaction

Chemical reaction where multiple reactants combine to form a single product.

Decomposition Reaction

Chemical reaction where a single reactant breaks down into multiple products.

Single Replacement Reaction

Chemical reaction where one element replaces another in a compound.

Double Replacement Reaction

Chemical reaction where the positive and negative ions of two reactants switch places.

Hydrocarbon Combustion

Chemical reaction involving a hydrocarbon reacting with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.