Cellular Biology and Cytology Review

Vocabulary flashcards covering cell cycle phases, cell surface structures, cytoplasmic organelles, nuclear components, and forms of cellular DNA.

G1 phase

The cell cycle phase dedicated to cell growth.

S phase

The cell cycle phase during which DNA synthesis and DNA replication occur.

G2 phase

The growth phase of the cell cycle dedicated to preparation for mitosis.

Centrioles & spindle fibers

Surface structures responsible for cell division.

Cilia & flagella

Surface structures responsible for cell movement.

Microvilli

Surface structures that increase surface area.

Ribosomes

Cytoplasmic organelles responsible for protein synthesis.

Smooth ER

Endoplasmic reticulum associated with lipids.

Rough ER

Endoplasmic reticulum associated with proteins.

Golgi

Cytoplasmic organelle that modifies and sorts proteins.

Lysosomes

Cytoplasmic organelles containing digestive enzymes.

Peroxisomes

Cytoplasmic organelles responsible for detox.

Mitochondria

Cytoplasmic organelles that produce ATP.

Proteasomes

Cytoplasmic structures responsible for protein degradation.

Chromatin

Loose DNA combined with proteins located in the nucleus.

Chromatid

One-half of a duplicated chromosome.

Chromosome

Condensed DNA during cell division.

Nuclear envelope

A double membrane structure surrounding the nucleus.

Nuclear pores

Components of the nucleus structure that allow transport.

Nucleolus

The component within the nucleus that makes rRNA.