ARH 2050 Quiz 1

Spotteed Horses with Human Hands

paleolithic period,

N/A

Dordogne, France.

Fact: This type of horse was actually prevalent at the time, showing that these people were painting what they saw

Willendorf Woman

Paleolithic Period

Austria

Fact: She is shown with a large belly, and breasts to express her fertility and therefore the survival of the clan

Hall of Bulls

Paleolithic Period

Lascaux cave, dordogne, France

Fact: The bulls were rendered in a profile called a composite pose

Stonehenge

Neolithic Period

Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England

Fact: The bluestone used at the site was transported 150 miles from whales to England, leading us to believe these people had their ancestors in Whales.

Prehistoric Art

Anything made before written history

Sculpture in the round

Three-dimensional sculpture that is carved free any background or block (Willendorf Woman)

Relief Sculpture

A three dimensional image whose flat background or design is carved away to a certain depth, offsetting the figure

Composite Pose

Combining different viewpoints within a single representation. (Hall of Bulls)

Megalithic

A large stone used in prehistoric Architecture (stone henge)

henge

A circular area enclosed by stones or wood posts set up by Neolithic Peoples. Usually bounded by a ditch and raised embankment

Lintel

A horizontal element of any material carried by two or more vertical supports to form an opening

Mortise-and-tenon

A method of joining two element: A projecting pin (tenon) on one element fits snugly into a hole (mortise) on the other

The Uruk Vase

Ancient Near East Period

Sumerian Culture

Uruk (Iraq)

Fact: Visual Narative is registered into three registers

On the bottom raw food is gathered. In the middle men carry foodstuff, on the top the goddess Inana accepts a gift from two men

Eshnuma Votive Figures

Ancient Near Eastern Period

Sumerian Culture

Eshnunna (Iraq)

Fact: Each sculpture stood as a stand-in for prayer of the donor, the figures ahd huge wide opened eyes and stood with hands clasped out of respect

Stele of Naram Sin

Ancient Near Eastern Period

Akkadian

Sippar(Iran)

Fact:Narmon-Sin carved into stone a visual of his grandad (Sargon) above his fallen foes and soldiers. It was the first artwork found to celebrate a specific achievement of an individual ruler.

Stele of Hammurabi

Ancient Near East Period

Akkadian Culture

Sippar (Iran)

Fact: Hammurabi is standing in front of Shamash(God of Justice) who is giving him the laws. There are 300 enteries (most deal with property matters)

Assurnasirpal II killing lions

Ancient Near East Period

Assyrian Culture

Nimrud(Iraq)

Fact: Assurnasirpal stands on a chariot carried by horses and shoots a lion. This shows a shift in mesopotamian art away from timesless solemnity, and towards a more dramatic and emotional portrayal.

Dur Sharrukin Guardian Figures

Ancient Near Eastern Period

Assyrain Culture

Dur Sharrukin (Iraq)

Fact: Sargon II built it. Accessable only by a wide ramp leading up to an open square where important people gathered. A ziggurat rose declaring the might of the Assyria's king

Assurbanipal and his queen in the garden

Ancient Near Eastern Period

Assyrian Culture

Ninevah (Iraq)

Fact: Most of Assurbanipals alabaster low relief panel displayed naratives of battle or of hunting, but some (like this) showed examples of palace life

Ishtar Gate and Throne Room Wall

Ancient Near East Period

Neo-Babylonian culture

(Babylon) Iraq

Fact: Used Glazed Blue bricks for the Crenellated towers (notched walls for military defense). It was covered in dragons that were sacred to Marduk.

style

A particular manner, form, or character of representation, construction, or expression that is typical of a certain artist or a certain time or period

hierarchic scale

The use of differences in size to indicate relative importance . For example, with human figures, the larger the figure, the greater his or her importance.

Cuneiform

An early form of writing with wedge shaped marks impressed into wet clay. Primarily used by mesopotamians. Discovered by Sumer

City State

the largest and first mesopotamian city state was urik

Ziggurat

In ancient mesopotamia, a tall stepped tower of earthen materials, often supporting a shrine

Register

A device used in a system of spacial definition. In relief sculpture the placement of self-contained bands of relief in a vertical arrangement

Stele

A stone slab placed vertically and decorated with inscription or reliefs. Used as a grave marker or commemorative monument

Lamassu

Supernatural guardian-protector of ancient near eastern palaces and thrown rooms, often represented sculpturally as a combination of the bearded head of a man, powerful body of a lion or bull, wings of an eagle, and the horned headdress of a god, usually possessing five legs

Votive figures

An image created as a devotional offering to a deity

convention

A traditional way of representing forms

Palette of Narmer

Early Dynastic Period

Ancient Egyptian Culture

Hierakonpolis (Egypt)

Fact: Represents the unification of Egypt and the beginning of the countrys growth as a powerful nation state. Narmar, the ruler of upper egypt was in firm control of lower egypy.

Djoser's Funerary Complex

Early Dynastic Period

Ancient Egyptian Culture

Saqqara (Egypt)

Fact: It symbolized a stairway to the sun god and a purpose, protecting the tomb. the funerary temple was used for continuing worship on the dead king.

Great Pyramids of Giza

Old Kingdom Period

Ancient Egyptian Culture

Giza(Egypt)

Fact: Not the first but most famous. Built by three successive Fourth Dynasty Kings. Khufu (oldest and largest), Khafre(smaller), and Menkaure(smallest)

Portrait of Khafre

Old Kingdom Period

Ancient Egyptian Culture

Giza(Egypt)

Fact: Papyrus plants are beneath the king, symbolizing his power over both upper and lower Egypt. Horus, the falcon god sits behind the king, protecting him with his wings. He wears a royal costume and there is a sense of permanence. the type of stone radiates blue with light.

Seated Scribe

Old Kingdom Period

Ancient Egyptian Culture

Saqqara (Egypt)

Fact: Old Kingdom sculptors also made statues of less prominent people. A more lively and less formal mode is employed here. He is slightly chubby, signifying a life free from hard physical labor.

Funerary Temple of Hatshepsut

New Kingdom Period

Ancient Egyptian Culture

Deir el-Bahri (Egypt)

Fact: Hatshepsut was one of the few Female Kings. In art she was represented as a male (occasionally wearing a false beard). Designed for funeral rites and commemorative ceremonies and unlike other tombs is much larger than the tomb itself.

Colossal Figure of Akhenaten

New Kingdom/Amarna Period

Ancient Egyptian Culture

Karnak (Egypt)

Fact: During this time and in this figure portraits of the king where very stylized and sometime distorted. (Amara style)

Akhenaten and Family

New Kingdom/Amarna Period

Ancient Egyptian Culture

(Tell el-aAmara) Egypt

Fact: Shows Akhenaten and Queen Nefertiti in a relief style sculpture. This shows the loving involvement of parents in their childrens life that was never shown before.

Hieroglyphics

Picture writing, words and ideas rendered in the form of pictoral symbols

Conventions

A traditional way of representing forms

Palete

A hand held support used by artist for arranging colors and mixing paint during the process of painting. In ancient egypt, it was a flat stone used to grind and prepare make up

Mastaba

A flat-topped, one story Egyptian structure with slanted walls built over an ancient Egyptian Underground Tomb

Serdab

In ancient Egyptian Tombs, the small room in which the KA statue was placed

Necropolis

A large cemetery or burial area: Literally the "city of the dead"

ka

statue of the deceased

Portico

In architecture, a projecting roof or porch supported by columns, often making an entrance.

Hypostyle hall

A large interior room characterized by many closely spread colums that support its roof

Bull Leaping

Late Minoan Period

Ancient Aegean Culture

Knosses, Crete

Fact: One of many pieces of minoan art found in the east wing of the Knosses Complex. It is in the "Flying Gallop" pose. Could be an example of a fertility ritual.

Dipylon Funerary Krater

Geometric Period

Pre/emerging Greek Culture

(Dipylon Cemetery) Athens

Fact: Period full of ceramic vessels covered in spirals, diamonds, and cross hatching. LArge Funerary vessell that seves as a grave marker(mixed wine and water in it). shows funerary rituals associated with an important person dying.

Top register: body of deceased possibly ataiting the new practice of cremation. Two figures stand next to him in grief

Middle register: soldiers move in solum procession

No sense of depth and geometric shapes used to represent people but shows human loss

Exerkias, Ajax and Achilles playing a game

Archaic Period

Ancient Greek culture

Athens

Fact: Done in black figure. They are playing dice. Achilles died in battle and Ajax was so hurt that he killed himself. Here, Achilles is displayed as slightly bigger and is winning showing his prominence

Temple of Aphaia

Archaic Period

Ancient Greek culture

Aegina

Fact:Doric Temple, dedicated to local goddess named Aphaia. Set in relation to an outside alter. Ouside revealed a sculptural mass which invited the viewer to look around the whole exterior.

Riace Warrior

Early Classical period

Ancient Greek Culture

Riace (Italy)

Fact: striking balance between the idealized smoothness of perfected anatomy and reproduction of details observed from nature. Eyeballs are made of bone and glass

Kallikrates & Iktinos

The Parthenon

High Classical Period

Ancient Greek Culture

Athens

Fact: huge mathematical feat. the ratio 4:9 was important as it was what gave diameter to the comums and space between them.the columns are tilted inward so they appear strait from a distance. The building has a buyont feeling because of this instead of feeling heavy. The art shows the triumph of the democratic city states of Greece over persia, preeinance of athens, and triumph of enlightened greek civilization over barbariasm.

Praxiteles

Aphrodite of Knidos

Late Classical Period

Ancient Greek Culture

Knidos

Fact: Statue of Aphrodite where she was completly naked. This was the first of its time and set a new standard.

Philoxenus of Eretria OR helen of Egypt

Alexander the Great confronts Darius III

Late classical Period

Ancient Greek Culture

Knidos

Fact: Documents a growing taste for dramatic narative. Alexander challenges a persian leader who stretches his hand out signalling his defeat. Illusion of solid figures.

Epigonas

Dying Gallic Trumpeter

Hellenistic Period

Ancient Greek Culture

Pegamon

Fact: This was a Celtic Soldier Trumpetor who has fallen. He is neck ring or "tork" signalling that he is a barbarian.Downcast gaze shows he is at the point of death.

Rython

A vessel in the shape of a figure or an animal, ued for drinking or pouring liquids on special occasions

Krater

An ancient Greek Vessel for mixing wine and water, with many substitutes they all have a distinct shape

Black Figure

A technique of ancient greek ceramic decoration in which black figures are painted on red clay body

Red Figure

A technique of Ancient Greek ceramic decoration charachterized by red clay colored figures on a black background.

Sanctuary

A sacred or holy enclosure used for worship. In ancient greece and rome it consisted of one or more temples and an altar

Peristyle

In greek architecture, a surrounding colonnade. A peristyle building is surrounded on the exterior by a collonade. The courtyard is open and has a pool and garden

Cella

The principle interior room at the center of a Greek or roman temple within which the cult statue was usually housed

Elevations

The arrangement, proportions, and details of any vertical side or face of the building.

Stoa

In Greek architecture, a long roofed walkway, usually having columns on one long side and a wall on the other

Caryatids

a sculpture of a draped female figure acting as a column supporting a entablature

Capital

The sculpted block that tops a column and contains different decorative elements

Orders

Doric, Ionic, Corinthian

Freize

The middle element of a architrave. Usually decorated with sculpture, painting, or molding.

Pediment

A triangular Gable found found over major architectural elements

Triglyph

Rectangular blocks on a Doric Colum Identified by 3 carved grooves.

Kouros/Kore

An Archaic statue of a greek woman

Contrapposto

Italian term meaning "set against" used to describe the classical convention of representing human figures with opposing alterations of tension and relaxation on either side of the central axis to imbue issues with a sense of potential for movement

Mosaic

Image formed by arranging small stone collored glass pieces (tessarae) and affixing them to a hard stable surface