Chemistry Unit 1 Review - Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry

Practice flashcards (Question and Answer) based on the provided lecture notes on atomic structure and nuclear chemistry.

What did the first model of the atom look like?

A sphere with nothing inside.

Who discovered the electron and what experiment did he use?

J. J. Thomson; the Cathode Ray Tube.

What was Thomson’s model called and what did it look like?

The Plum Pudding Model; a positively charged sphere with embedded electrons.

What is Bohr's atomic model characterized by?

Electrons in fixed orbits around a small, positively charged nucleus (energy levels).

Name the three subatomic particles and their charges.

Protons – positive; Electrons – negative; Neutrons – neutral.

What does the atomic number tell you?

The number of protons (and, in a neutral atom, the number of electrons).

What does the mass number tell you?

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus (the nucleon count).

How many electrons are in a neutral atom?

Equal to the number of protons.

Which particle number differs among isotopes of the same element?

Neutrons.

Which particle number differs among ions of the same element?

Electrons.

Which two particles have about the same mass?

Protons and neutrons.

Define nuclear fission.

The nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei.

Define nuclear fusion.

Nuclei combine to form a larger, heavier nucleus.

Which type of nuclear reaction occurs in a nuclear reactor?

Nuclear fission.

Which type of nuclear reaction occurs in a star?

Nuclear fusion.

Write a balanced alpha decay equation for 256/103 Lr.

256/103 Lr → 252/101 Md + 4/2 He.

Write a balanced alpha decay equation for 231/91 Pa.

231/91 Pa → 227/89 Ac + 4/2 He.

Write a balanced alpha decay equation for 255/89 Ac.

255/89 Ac → 251/87 Fr + 4/2 He.

Write a balanced alpha decay equation for 211/87 Fr.

211/87 Fr → 207/85 At + 4/2 He.

Write a balanced alpha decay equation for 185/79 Au.

185/79 Au → 181/77 Re + 4/2 He.

Write a balanced beta decay equation for 6/2 He.

6/2 He → 6/3 Li + 0/-1 e.

Write a balanced beta decay equation for 24/11 Na.

24/11 Na → 24/12 Mg + 0/-1 e.

Write a balanced beta decay equation for 201/79 Au.

201/79 Au → 201/80 Hg + 0/-1 e.

Write a balanced beta decay equation for 52/26 Fe.

52/26 Fe → 52/27 Co + 0/-1 e.

Write a balanced beta decay equation for 42/19 K.

42/19 K → 42/20 Ca + 0/-1 e.

What is a gamma ray?

High-energy electromagnetic radiation with no mass and no charge.

What are the three main types of radioactive decay discussed?

Alpha, Beta, and Gamma radiation.

What is the half-life shown in the diagram (as given in the notes)?

6 days.

What is an application of alpha radiation?

Smoke detectors.

What is an application of beta radiation?

Carbon dating.

What is an application of gamma radiation?

PET scans.