MEDCHEM7

Benzene

A colorless toxic carcinogenic liquid with the molecular formula C6H6, structured as a ring with equidistant carbon-carbon bonds.

Resonance

A concept where a molecule can be represented by multiple forms, with the actual structure being a hybrid of these forms.

Huckel's Rule

A rule stating that a compound is aromatic if it has a planar ring, each atom in the ring has a pz orbital, and there exists (4n + 2) π electrons.

Electrophilic substitution reactions

Reactions in which an electrophile replaces a hydrogen atom in an aromatic compound, preserving the aromatic sextet.

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation

A reaction that introduces an alkyl group into benzene using a Lewis acid catalyst, forming a carbon-carbon bond.

Nitration of Benzene

The process of introducing a nitro group into benzene, typically by reacting benzene with a nitronium ion generated from sulfuric and nitric acids.

Curly Arrows

Diagrams used to represent the movement of electron pairs during chemical reactions, showing how bonds are formed and broken.

Bonding in Benzene

Benzene's bonding involves a p cloud with 6 π electrons shared across the carbon atoms, leading to equal bond lengths.

Chlorination of Benzene

A reaction mechanism where benzene reacts with chlorine in the presence of a Lewis acid like AlCl3 to generate chlorobenzene.

Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds

Compounds consisting of multiple aromatic rings, such as naphthalene and anthracene, which have significant biological and pharmaceutical applications.