Types of Cells & Cell Theory (2A)

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11 Terms

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Domains for classifying organisms

  1. Domain Bacteria

  2. Domain Archaea

  3. Eukarya

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4 kingdoms of eukarya

Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals

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Protists

  • unicellular or multicellular

  • some have cell walls (composition varies)

  • nutrition either autotrophs (make their own food)

    or heterotrophs (eat other living things)

<ul><li><p>unicellular or multicellular</p></li><li><p>some have cell walls (composition varies)</p></li><li><p>nutrition either autotrophs (make their own food)</p><p>or heterotrophs (eat other living things)</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Fungi

  • unicellular or multicellular

  • cell walls of chitin

  • heterotrophs

<ul><li><p>unicellular or multicellular</p></li><li><p>cell walls of chitin</p></li><li><p>heterotrophs</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Plants

  • multicellular

  • cell walls of cellulose

  • photosynthetic autotrophs

<ul><li><p>multicellular</p></li><li><p>cell walls of cellulose</p></li><li><p>photosynthetic autotrophs</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Animals

  • multicellular

  • no cell wall

  • heterotrophs

<ul><li><p>multicellular</p></li><li><p>no cell wall</p></li><li><p>heterotrophs</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Prokaryotic Cells/Prokaryotes (Overall)

  • usually unicellular

  • smaller=between 1-5µm

  • cells lack a nucleus + other membrane-bound organelles

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Parts of a Prokaryote

  • DNA - 1 circular chromosome (“not packaged”)

    found in the nucleoid region

  • cell wall

  • OFTEN have extra DNA (plasmids)

    external extensions used for attachment (pili)

    structure used for movement (flagella)

    external protective layer (slime capsule)

<ul><li><p>DNA - 1 circular chromosome (“not packaged”)</p><p>found in the nucleoid region</p></li><li><p>cell wall</p></li><li><p>OFTEN have extra DNA (plasmids)</p><p>external extensions used for attachment (pili)</p><p>structure used for movement (flagella)</p><p>external protective layer (slime capsule)</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Eukaryotic Cells/Eukaryotes (Overall)

  • can be unicellular or multicellular

  • larger=between 10-100µm in length (lots of exceptions)

  • numerous membrane-bound organelles

    1. allows for compartmentalization

    2. can maintain a unique internal chemistry

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Parts of a Eukaryote

  1. all have a double membrane nucleus

  2. DNA is linear, cells have multiple chromosomes

  3. DNA is “packaged” by wrapping it around histone proteins

<ol><li><p>all have a double membrane nucleus</p></li><li><p>DNA is linear, cells have multiple chromosomes</p></li><li><p>DNA is “packaged” by wrapping it around histone proteins</p></li></ol><p></p>
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Cell Theory

  1. All cells come from preexisting cells

  2. Living things are made of one or more cells

  3. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things