C14 Metals excluding transition metals

Reactivity of metals is a measure of

How easily metal loses electron to form cation

Group 1 metal ion charge

1+

Group 2 metal ion charge

2_

Why are group 2 metals less reactive than group 1 metals in the same period

Losing 2 e- requires more energy than losing 1

Aluminium ion

Al3+

Does reactivity increase or decrease down group 1 and 2

Increase

Why does reactivity increase down the group in group 1 and 2

Outer shell e- further away from nucleus so easier to lose

What are the least reactive metals

Transition metals

How many electrons do the transition metals lose

Depends - most lose 2

Iron ion

Fe2+ or 3+

Silver ion

Ag+

What does ease of extraction of metal from ore depend on

Reactivity

How are most metals found

Ores in earths crust

What is a metal ore

Rock containing metal in ionic compound, e.g. with oxygen

What must be done to metal ions after being mined from ore

Get reduced to obtain metal atoms

How do metal ions become metal atoms

Reduction - gain e-

Which kind of metals form the most stable compounds

The most reactive metals

What kind of metals require more energy + money to extract and why

More reactive metals, as they form the most stable compounds

Which metals are found as an uncombined metal in nature (need to be purified before use)

Least reactive metals - silver gold and platinum

How can metals below carbon be extracted from ores

Reduction using C or CO

Iron (iii) oxide formula

Fe2O3

Iron iii oxide extraction by carbon equation

Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2

Is iron extraction by carbon a redox reaction

Yes

List elements which are extracted using copper

Zinc iron tin lead copper

Why is carbon able to extract iron

More reactive; takes oxygen from iron oxide, leaving iron metal

How are metals more reactive than carbon extracted

E,ectrolysis

How does electrolysis extract metals more reactive than carbon

Metal cations are reduced/discharged at cathode

Negatively charged ions need to be oxidised or reduced to get discharged

Oxidised

Positively charged ions need to be oxidised or reduced to get discharged

Reduced

Aluminium oxide formula

Al2O3

Ionic equation for electrolysis of aluminium oxide

Al 3+ + 3e- → Al

Overall reaction for electrolysis of aluminium oxide

2Al2O3 → 4Al + 3O2

Why is electrolysis expensive

Requires a lot of electrical energy

What happens when more reactive metal is added to dissolved compound of less reactive metal

More reactive metal displaces less reactive metal in compound

What does copper look like when its been displaced

Brown solid

Copper sulfate solution colour

Blue

Can displacement reaction of metal occur in the solid phase

Can reaction between metal and acid be seen as a displacement reaction

Yes

Why will copper + H2SO4 have no reaction

Copper is less reactive than hydrogen

What is an alloy

Mix of multiple metals

Why do people make metal alloys

Combine properties

Arrangement of particles in pure metal

Layers that can slide over eachother

Which is stronger, alloy or pure metal

Alloy

Why are alloys stronger than a pure metal

Different sized particles disrupt structure, prevent layers sliding over each other

Aluminium hardness

Soft and malleable

Why is aluminium used to make cans, kitchen foil, utensils etc

Corrosion resistant + non toxic

Why is aluminium used to make conductor cables

Good electrical conductor, low density

What does aluminium provide when alloyed that makes it used in aeroplane parts

High strength, low density

Aluminium density

Low

Pure iron hardness

Soft

Impure iron pro stuff

Abundant, cheap to produce

Impure iron con stuff (why we purify it)

Brittle, little commercial use

Steel is made of

Carbon and iron

High carbon steel strength/hardness

Strong but brittle

Steel general properties

Malleable, strong, ductile

Low carbon steel strength/hardness

Softer, more malleable

Use of high carbon steel

Cutting tools, drill bits

Uses of low carbon steel

Car bodies

Steel corrodability

Corrodes in air and water

Iron corrodability

Corrodes in air and water

How is stainless steel made

Add other metal eg chromium, nickel

Copper conductivity

Good conductor

Why is copper used for wiring

Conductiv and ductile

Why is copper used for cooking utensils

Good conductor, unreactive, malleable

Why is copper used in pipes and heating systems

Strong, malleable, unreactive, conducctive

Best thermal and electrical conductor metal

Silver

Why is silver not used widely for electrical applications

Expensive

Why is silver used in medicine and deodorants

Antimicrobial, non-toxic

Why is silver used in jewellery and mirrors

High lustre and reflectivity

Gold soft or hard

Soft

Gold heavy or not

Heavy

Why is gold used in jewellery

Very ductile and malleable, corrosion resistant

Why is gold used in electronic circuits

Excellent electrical conductor

Titanium strength

Same as steel - strong

Titanium density

A lot less dense than steel

Why are titanium alloys used in spacecraft and missiles

Low density, can withstand extreme temps