Earth Science - Unit 2 - Part 1

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9th Grade

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23 Terms

1
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Earth’s Shape

  • _____ is not a perfect sphere

  • _____ is actually an oblate spheroid

  • Only slightly oblate

  • A human eye can not detect the oblateness

<ul><li><p>_____ is not a perfect sphere</p></li><li><p>_____ is actually an oblate spheroid</p></li><li><p>Only slightly oblate </p></li><li><p>A human eye can not detect the oblateness </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Oblate

A slightly oblong or “Egg shaped” appearance

<p>A slightly <strong><u>oblong</u></strong> or “Egg shaped” appearance </p>
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Spheroid

Almost a sphere but not quite

<p><strong><u>Almost</u></strong> a sphere but not quite </p>
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Equatorial Diameter

12,756 km

<p>12,756 km </p>
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Equatorial Circumference 

40,075 km

<p>40,075 km</p>
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Polar Diameter 

12,714 km 

<p>12,714 km&nbsp;</p>
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Polar Circumference

40,008 km

<p>40,008 km </p>
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Why is the Earth a bit-wide around the mid-section?

The ________ Shape is caused by the centrifugal effect resulting from Earth’s rotation 

<p>The ________ Shape is caused by the<strong> centrifugal effect </strong>resulting from Earth’s rotation&nbsp;</p>
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Centrifugal Effect 

The outward, apparent force pushing objects away from the Earth's axis of rotation, caused by the Earth's spin

<p><span>The outward, apparent force pushing objects away from the Earth's axis of rotation, caused by the Earth's spin</span></p>
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Horizon

Your line of sight parallel to Earth’s surface

  • Zero degrees out 

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Zenith

Point directly overhead

  • 90 degrees

<p>Point directly overhead</p><ul><li><p>90 degrees</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Altitude

The angular height an object is in the sky

<p>The angular height an object is in the sky </p>
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Apex

Highest point of an Arc

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What is used to measure altitude?

An sextant or astrolabe

<p>An sextant or astrolabe</p>
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Astrolabe/sextant

Instruments used to measure the Altitude of an object above the horizon

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Spherical Earth

Proves that the Earth is curved

  • Ships disappear hull first and mast last as it sails over the horizon 

<p>Proves that the Earth is curved</p><ul><li><p>Ships disappear hull first and mast last as it sails over the horizon&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Position of Stars

Evidence that the Earth is round

  • The position of ______ in the sky appear to change as our latitude changes on Earth’s surface 

  • For every 1 degree of latitude we move North/South, Polaris will become 1 degree altitude higher/lower in the sky

  • The most notable example of this involves the changing positions of the N____ S_____ (A.K.A Polaris)

<p>Evidence that the Earth is round</p><ul><li><p>The position of ______ in the sky appear to change as our latitude changes on Earth’s surface&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>For every 1 degree of latitude we move North/South, Polaris will become 1 degree altitude higher/lower in the sky</p></li><li><p>The most notable example of this involves the changing positions of the N____ S_____ (A.K.A Polaris)</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Yorktown Latitude

41.28 degrees N

  • Any line of latitude runs parallel to any other line of latitude (parallel) 

<p>41.28 degrees N</p><ul><li><p>Any line of latitude runs parallel to any other line of latitude (parallel)&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Yorktown Longitude

73.79 degrees W

  • Longitude lines are meridians 

<p>73.79 degrees W</p><ul><li><p>Longitude lines are meridians&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p></p>
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How to find Polaris in yorktown

  1. look for pointer stars Merak and Dubne on the bigger dipper, after locating they should point to Polaris

  2. look for the cluster of stars, Cassiopeia, should show general area of polaris

  3. Polaris is in between these stars

<ol><li><p>look for pointer stars Merak and Dubne on the bigger dipper, after locating they should point to Polaris</p></li><li><p>look for the cluster of stars, Cassiopeia, should show general area of polaris</p></li><li><p>Polaris is in between these stars</p></li></ol><p></p>
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Gravity Measurements

Shows Earth is curved

  • Maximum weight at poles

  • Minimum weight at equator 

The further an object gets from the center of the Earth (core), the less it weighs 

<p>Shows Earth is curved</p><ul><li><p>Maximum weight at poles</p></li><li><p>Minimum weight at equator&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p>The further an object gets from the center of the Earth (core), the less it weighs&nbsp;</p><p></p>
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Lunar Eclipse

Evidence Earth is round

  • The _____ _____ casts a round shadow of the Earth on the moon

<p>Evidence Earth is round</p><ul><li><p>The _____ _____ casts a round shadow of the Earth on the moon</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Satellite photographs

Evidence the Earth is round

  • ______ ____ of the Earth taken from space provide the best piece of evidence

<p>Evidence the Earth is round</p><ul><li><p>______ ____ of the Earth taken from space provide <strong><u>the best piece of evidence</u></strong></p></li></ul><p></p>